How to Resolve Python\'s \'Attempted Relative Import Beyond Top-Level Package\' Error?

Python Relative Import Error: Troubleshooting "Attempted Relative Import Beyond Top-Level Package"

In Python, relative imports allow you to reference modules within a package relative to the current directory. However, attempting a relative import beyond the top-level package can result in the error "ValueError: attempted relative import beyond top-level package."

Consider the following package structure:

package/
   __init__.py
   A/
      __init__.py
      foo.py
   test_A/
      __init__.py
      test.py

When executing test.py within the package directory using python -m test_A.test, you encounter the above error. The reason is that Python doesn't retain information about the top-level package where test_A.test is located.

When using from ..A import foo, Python attempts to access directories sibling to the loaded location. However, in this case, there is no concept of sibling directories because package is not recognized as a package.

In contrast, executing python -m package.test_A.test resolves the relative import correctly because Python can identify package as the top-level package and navigate its child directory, test_A.

However, Python's lack of recognition of the current working directory as a package remains a mystery. Despite its utility, this oversight can lead to errors when attempting relative imports from the top-level directory.

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