How Can You Handle All Possible Exceptions When Using Python's Requests Module?

Handling Exceptions with Python's Requests Module

Catching exceptions when making HTTP requests is crucial for robust error handling. While the provided code snippet can handle some connection-related errors, it misses other potential issues.

According to the Requests documentation, different exception types are raised for:

• Connection errors (including DNS failures and refused connections): ConnectionError
• Invalid HTTP responses: HTTPError
• Timeouts: Timeout
• Excessive redirects: TooManyRedirects

All these exceptions inherit from requests.exceptions.RequestException.

To cover all bases, you can:

1. Catch the Base-Class Exception:

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:  # Handle all cases
    raise SystemExit(e)

2. Catch Exceptions Separately:

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    # Implement a retry strategy
except requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects:
    # Notify user of incorrect URL
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    # Catastrophic error, terminate
    raise SystemExit(e)

Handling HTTP Errors:

If you need to raise exceptions for HTTP status codes (e.g., 401 Unauthorized), call Response.raise_for_status after making the request.

try:
    r = requests.get('http://www.google.com/nothere')
    r.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:
    raise SystemExit(err)

By considering all possible exception types and tailoring your error handling strategy, you can ensure your application gracefully handles network issues and provides appropriate responses to users.

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