How do I Extract the Last Characters of a String in Go?

Retrieving the Last Characters of a String in Go

When working with strings in Go, it's often necessary to extract specific characters or substrings for processing or display. One common scenario involves getting the last few characters from a string. While the Go standard library does not provide a dedicated getLastXCharacters function, it offers a versatile mechanism to achieve this through slice expressions.

Using a Slice Expression

Slice expressions allow you to access a subset of a string by specifying a range of indices. To get the last X characters, use the following syntax:

lastX := s[len(s)-X:]

In this expression, s is your input string, and X represents the number of characters you want to retrieve from the end. For example, if you have the string "12121211122" and want to get the last 3 characters, you would use:

s := "12121211122"
last3 := s[len(s)-3:]
fmt.Println(last3) // Output: 122

Using Unicode Runes

If you are working with multi-byte unicode strings, you may encounter situations where you need to get the last characters considering the number of unicode runes rather than bytes. To do this, you can convert the string into a slice of runes using []rune(s) and apply the same slice expression to extract the desired characters.

For instance, if you have the following unicode string:

s := []rune("世界世界世界")

To get the last 3 characters, use the following:

last3 := string(s[len(s)-3:])

This will return the substring "世界".

Conclusion

Using slice expressions, you can efficiently extract the last characters from a string in Go. This is a flexible and convenient approach for both byte-based strings and unicode strings.

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