How do `*args` and `kwargs` Enhance Function Flexibility in Python?

Understanding args and kwargs*

The args and *kwargs parameters in Python programming allow functions to accept an arbitrary number of positional arguments and keyword arguments, respectively. These parameters act as a catch-all, collecting any additional arguments that are passed to the function.

For instance, consider the following example:

def foo(hello, *args):
    print(hello)

    for each in args:
        print(each)

Here, the foo function accepts an arbitrary number of positional arguments after the first argument (hello) and stores them in a tuple named args. Running this function with the following arguments:

foo("LOVE", ["lol", "lololol"])

would print the following output:

LOVE
['lol', 'lololol']

Similarly, **kwargs is a dictionary parameter that stores any keyword arguments passed to the function. For example:

def test(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(key, ":", value)

When calling this function with the following arguments:

test(name="Alice", age=20)

the output would be:

name : Alice
age : 20

Effectively, args and *kwargs allow functions to handle unexpected or variable arguments, making them adaptable to different scenarios and use cases. They are particularly useful when dealing with objects, allowing for the overriding of methods while maintaining the flexibility to pass custom arguments.

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