How to Split Large Strings into N-Size Chunks in JavaScript?

Splitting Large Strings into N-Size Chunks in JavaScript

String splitting is a common task in programming, especially when dealing with large datasets. In JavaScript, there are several ways to split strings, but performance becomes crucial when dealing with very long strings.

One effective approach to split strings into N-size chunks is to use regular expressions with the String.prototype.match method. This method accepts a regular expression and returns an array of matching substrings.

For example, to split the string "1234567890" into chunks of size 2:

<code class="javascript">const str = "1234567890";
const chunks = str.match(/.{1,2}/g);
console.log(chunks); // ["12", "34", "56", "78", "90"]</code>

This regular expression matches substrings of length 1 to 2. If the string size is not an exact multiple of chunk-size, the last chunk may be smaller:

<code class="javascript">const str = "123456789";
const chunks = str.match(/.{1,2}/g);
console.log(chunks); // ["12", "34", "56", "78", "9"]</code>

For any string with a maximum substring size of n, the following regular expression can be used:

<code class="javascript">str.match(/.{1,n}/g);</code>

This approach is generally performant, even for large strings. However, for strings that might contain newlines or carriage returns, the following regular expression can handle those cases:

<code class="javascript">str.match(/(.|[\r\n]){1,n}/g);</code>

To make this functionality reusable, a function can be defined:

<code class="javascript">function chunkString(str, length) {
  return str.match(new RegExp('.{1,' + length + '}', 'g'));
}</code>

This function can be used to split strings into chunks of any desired size, ensuring efficient performance even for large data sets.

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