How can I exclude specific Go source files from compilation based on the target architecture?

Workaround for Compiling Go Source Files by Architecture

When compiling a multi-package Go program, it can become necessary to exclude certain source files based on the target architecture. The problem arises when one package relies on CGo to call functions defined in platform-specific files. The default behavior is for the go tool to attempt to compile these files even when developing on a different platform, resulting in errors related to missing header files.

To address this issue, Go provides build constraints that allow for conditional inclusion or exclusion of files. Adding the build constraint

<code class="go">// +build linux,cgo</code>

to the beginning of a source file will instruct the compiler to only include it when compiling on Linux and when CGo is enabled. This ensures that the file with Windows-specific dependencies is not compiled on non-Windows systems.

If multiple build constraints are required, they can be separated by commas and will be evaluated as an OR operation. For instance, the following build constraint

<code class="go">// +build linux,386 darwin,!cgo</code>

would include the file if the target system is Linux with the 386 architecture OR if it's Darwin with CGo disabled.

Additionally, file names with certain patterns, such as those ending in "_GOOS", "_GOARCH", or "_GOOS_GOARCH", are implicitly considered to have build constraints requiring the matching words. This can be useful for organizing and managing platform-specific source files.

For files that should be completely excluded from the build, the build constraint

<code class="go">// +build ignore</code>

or any other unsatisfied word can be used.

By utilizing build constraints, developers can selectively include or exclude source files based on the target architecture, streamlining the compilation process and preventing errors related to platform dependencies.

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