Java Collections Framework: A Comprehensive Guide to Big-O Implementations
In the Java Collections Framework, each collection has its distinct performance characteristics determined by its underlying data structure. Understanding the Big-O complexities of these operations can guide effective selection and optimization of data structures.
List Implementations
| Operation | ArrayList | LinkedList | CopyOnWrite-ArrayList |
|---|---|---|---|
| get | O(1) | O(n) | O(1) |
| add | O(1) | O(1) | O(n) |
| contains | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) |
| next | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) |
| remove(0) | O(n) | O(1) | O(n) |
| iterator.remove | O(n) | O(1) | O(n) |
Set Implementations
| Operation | HashSet | LinkedHashSet | CopyOnWriteArraySet | EnumSet | TreeSet | ConcurrentSkipListSet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| add | O(1) | O(1) | O(n) | O(1) | O(log n) | O(log n) |
| contains | O(1) | O(1) | O(n) | O(1) | O(log n) | O(log n) |
| next | O(h/n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(log n) | O(1) |
Map Implementations
| Operation | HashMap | LinkedHashMap | IdentityHashMap | EnumMap | TreeMap | ConcurrentHashMap | ConcurrentSkipListMap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| get | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(log n) | O(1) | O(log n) |
| containsKey | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(log n) | O(1) | O(log n) |
| next | O(h/n) | O(1) | O(h/n) | O(1) | O(log n) | O(h/n) | O(1) |
Queue Implementations
| Operation | PriorityQueue | ConcurrentLinkedQueue | ArrayBlockingQueue | LinkedBlockingQueue | PriorityBlockingQueue | DelayQueue | LinkedList | ArrayDeque | LinkedBlockingDeque |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| offer | O(log n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(log n) | O(log n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) |
| peek | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) |
| poll | O(log n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(log n) | O(log n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) |
| size | O(1) | O(n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) |
Additional Resources
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