Deadlock Detection in Go Concurrency with WaitGroups
In Go, concurrency is often managed using channels and waitgroups to orchestrate goroutines. However, it's essential to understand potential pitfalls that can lead to deadlocks.
Problem Description
Consider the following code that attempts to use buffered channels and waitgroups:
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Despite expecting the channel to close automatically once its capacity is reached, this code unexpectedly results in a deadlock error.
Solution
There are two key issues leading to the deadlock:
To resolve the deadlock, two solutions are:
Solution 1: Expanding Channel Capacity and Explicitly Closing
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This ensures that there is sufficient space in the channel and closes it explicitly, allowing the range loop to terminate.
Solution 2: Signal Done Condition in Goroutine
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In this solution, each goroutine signals its completion by calling wg.Done() within the goroutine itself. The waitgroup is also decremented within the range loop for each iteration, ensuring that wg.Wait() eventually completes and the program terminates.
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