Disclaimer:
Encryption is a critical aspect of data security, and it should be handled with utmost care. Implementing encryption incorrectly can leave your data vulnerable to attack. Consider using well-established libraries and following best practices for secure encryption.
Python's cryptography library provides a user-friendly and secure solution for encrypting strings using a password. Fernet is a built-in recipe within cryptography that simplifies the encryption process.
Generating a Key:
To use Fernet, you first need to generate a secret key. It is crucial to keep this key a secret.
<code class="python">from cryptography.fernet import Fernet key = Fernet.generate_key() # Store this securely</code>
Encrypting:
<code class="python">from cryptography.fernet import Fernet def encrypt(message: bytes, key: bytes) -> bytes: return Fernet(key).encrypt(message)</code>
Decrypting:
<code class="python">from cryptography.fernet import Fernet def decrypt(token: bytes, key: bytes) -> bytes: return Fernet(key).decrypt(token)</code>
Example Usage:
<code class="python">message = "John Doe" encrypted_token = encrypt(message.encode(), key) decrypted_message = decrypt(encrypted_token, key).decode() print(decrypted_message) # Output: John Doe</code>
If you need to obscure data rather than encrypt it, you can use base64 encoding:
<code class="python">import base64 def obscure(data: bytes) -> bytes: return base64.b64encode(data) def unobscure(obscured: bytes) -> bytes: return base64.b64decode(obscured)</code>
Example Usage:
<code class="python">data = b"Hello world!" obscured = obscure(data) unobscured = unobscure(obscured) print(unobscured.decode()) # Output: Hello world!</code>
If you need to ensure data integrity without encryption, you can use HMAC signatures:
<code class="python">import hmac import hashlib def sign(data: bytes, key: bytes) -> bytes: return hmac.new(key, data, hashlib.sha256).digest() def verify(signature: bytes, data: bytes, key: bytes) -> bool: return hmac.compare_digest(hmac.new(key, data, hashlib.sha256).digest(), signature)</code>
Example Usage:
<code class="python">data = b"Hello world!" key = secrets.token_bytes(32) signature = sign(data, key) if verify(signature, data, key): print("Signature is valid") else: print("Signature is invalid")</code>
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