C# is a high-level programming language created by Microsoft that offers versatility and power to developers. It has undergone multiple iterations, each bringing improvements and new features to make it more efficient and user-friendly. These changes have helped developers to build modern software applications with ease. From its beginnings with C# 1.0 to the latest version, C# 10.0, this article will guide you through the most significant advancements and their impact on the world of software development. Understanding these changes is essential for developers who want to take advantage of C#’s full potential.
Here we will discuss the Versions of C#. Given below are the Versions of C#:
This version is like java. Its lack in the async capabilities and some functionalities. The major features of this release are below
Classes: It is a blueprint that is used to create the objects.
Code:
// declaring public class
public class Test
{
// variable
public int a, b;
// member function
public void display()
{
WriteLine("Class in C#");
}
}Structure: In Struct, we can store different data types under a single variable. We can use user-defined datatype in structs. We have to use the struct keyword to define this.
Code:
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication {
// structure
public struct Emp
{
// different data types
public string Name;
public int Age;
public int Empno;
}
class Geeks {
// Main Method
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Declare P1 of type Person
Person P1;
// P1's data
P1.Name = "Ram";
P1.Age = 21;
P1.Empno = 80;
// Displaying the values
Console.WriteLine("Data Stored in P1 is " +
P1.Name + ", age is " +
P1.Age + " and empno is " +
P1.empno);
}
}
}Interfaces:
Literals: It is a value used by the variable. This is like a constant value.
Code:
class Test {
// Main method
public static void Main(String []args)
{
int a = 102;
// octal-form literal
int b = 0145
;
// Hexa-decimal form literal
int c = 0xFace;
Console.WriteLine(a);
Console.WriteLine(b);
Console.WriteLine(c);
}
}Delegates: This is like a pointer. It is a reference type variable which holds the other methods.
In this version, some enhancement has been done. They added for each loop in this version which will execute each block until an expression gets false.
In this version, they have added below advance features.
Generics: Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters.
Anonymous Method: This is a blank method. This is defined using the keyword delegate.
This version made C# as a formidable programming language.
The version introduced some interesting features:
Dynamic Binding: This is like method overriding. Here the compiler does not decide the method which to call.
Code:
public class ClassA
{
public static class superclass
{
void print()
{
System.out.println("superclass.");
}
}
public static class subclass extends superclass
{
@Override
void print()
{
System.out.println("subclass.");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
superclass X = new superclass();
superclass Y= new subclass();
X.print();
Y.print();
}
}Here the major feature was keyword dynamic. It overrides the compiler at run time.
In this version, they added two new models for asynchronous programming.
async and await
With these, we easily retrieve information about the context. This is very helpful with long-running operations. In this async enables the keyword await. With the help of await keyword, all the things get asynchronous. So it runs synchronously till the keyword await.
This version included below functionalities
This version has below advantages
Out Variables: This variable is basically used when the method has to return multiple values. The keyword out is used to pass to the arguments.
Other important aspects are
C# 8.0, released in 2019, introduced nullable reference types, a significant feature to enhance code safety. It enables developers to annotate their code to express their intentions about whether a variable can hold a null value, helping to catch null reference exceptions at compile time. Additionally, C# 8.0 brought improvements like asynchronous streams, simplifying the development of asynchronous and reactive applications, and enhancements to pattern matching. These features collectively make code more reliable, readable, and efficient, making C# 8.0 a valuable step in the language’s evolution for modern software development.
C# 9.0, released in 2020, brought significant enhancements to the language. Its standout feature was the introduction of record types, simplifying the creation of data classes by providing built-in value equality, immutability, and pattern matching. It also introduced source generators, enabling automatic code generation at compile-time, which enhances code generation and analysis. Additionally, C# 9.0 improved pattern matching with new features and added support for function pointers and top-level statements, making code more concise and readable. These changes enhanced developer productivity and code safety, solidifying C# as a modern, versatile programming language.
C# version 10.0 is the latest C# programming language version, released on Nov, 2021. It includes several new features and improvements to make it more efficient and easier to use. Some notable features of C# 10.0 include:
C# 11 introduced several new features, including raw string literals, generic math support, generic attributes, UTF-8 string literals, newlines in string interpolation expressions, list patterns, file-local types, required members, auto-default structs, pattern matching for Span
So every version has included new features in the C# which help the developers to solve the complex problems in efficient manner.
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