Where is the 'stuck' in new energy car insurance?

최근 신에너지 자동차보험 시장에 자동차회사들의 움직임이 잦아졌습니다. GAC Group 및 기타 회사가 설립한 전문 자동차 보험 회사인 Zhongcheng Insurance는 GAC Aian과 통합 거래 계약을 체결했습니다. Zhongcheng Insurance 및 그 자회사는 보험 보호, 위험 관리, 보험 중개, 자동차 보증 연장 및 기타 서비스를 제공하게 됩니다. 최근 BYD가 전액 출자한 심천 BYD손해보험유한회사(이하 'BYD손해보험')는 안후이성, 장시성, 산둥성(칭다오 제외), 허난성 등 7개 성에서 공식적으로 보험을 출시했다. , 후난, 광둥, 산시성 입구. Chebai Think Tank와 중국자동차연구소, 대외경제경제대학이 공동으로 발표한 연구 보고서 "전기화 및 지능화 추세에 따른 자동차 보험 시스템 혁신에 관한 연구"에 따르면, 신에너지 자동차의 구조와 위험 지점 보험 요건, 보험료, 요율 결정과 관련된 요소도 기존 자동차와 다릅니다. 현재 보험 조건과 요율 설계는 더 복잡합니다. 전기차 소비자.

신에너지 자동차의 대표주자로서 BYD 손해보험이 신에너지 자동차보험 가격을 '인하'시킬 수 있을지가 화제가 되었습니다. 현재 신에너지 자동차보험의 '고착'은 어디에 있는가? 신에너지 자동차보험 문제를 어떻게 해결하나요? 본 글은 신에너지 자동차보험의 현황과 과제를 심층적으로 분석하고, 신에너지 자동차보험의 교착상태를 해결하기 위한 열쇠를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

1. 자동차 소유자는 비싼 제품에 대해 불평하고, 보험사는 손실에 대해 불평합니다

지난해부터 자동차 시장의 '가격 전쟁'은 더욱 치열해졌습니다. 신에너지차 가격은 크게 하락했지만, 상대적으로 자동차 가격 조정에 비해 신에너지차 보험료는 크게 떨어지지 않았다.

승용차 협회 데이터에 따르면 올해 4월 상반기 중국의 신에너지 승용차 소매 보급률은 50.39%에 도달해 처음으로 기존 연료 승용차를 넘어섰습니다. 5월 셋째주 신에너지단말 보험 보급률도 50%를 넘어섰다.

신에너지 차량의 급속한 발전은 자동차 보험 산업에 새로운 기회를 가져왔습니다. 2023년 PICC의 신에너지 차량 인수 비율은 전년 대비 57.7% 증가했으며, China Pacific 보험의 신에너지 자동차보험은 전년 동기 대비 54.7% 증가했다. 자동차보험 가입 대수가 늘어나면서 보험료도 인상됐다. 신에너지 차량에 대한 국가 모니터링 및 관리 플랫폼의 데이터에 따르면 2023년 신에너지 상업용 자동차 보험의 평균 보험료는 4,003위안에 이를 것이며 이는 기존 연료 차량의 약 1.8배에 달할 것입니다. 쑤저우증권의 전망에 따르면 2024년 신에너지차 평균 프리미엄은 5001위안에 이를 것으로 예상된다.

“주유비로 아껴둔 돈은 다 보험료로 들어간다”는 것이 많은 신에너지 자동차 오너들의 마음이겠죠. 더욱이 2년차에 급증하는 보험료 인상을 견디지 못해 차를 이용하면서 감히 위험에 빠지지도 않았다.

신에너지 자동차 보험은 얼마나 비싸나요?

그 이유를 알아보기 위해 체바이씽크탱크는 연구보고서 '전동화, 지능화 추세에 따른 자동차 보험제도 혁신에 관한 연구'에서 전기차와 전통자동차의 가격 차이가 크다고 밝혔는데, 특히 전기 자동차의 힘. 시스템 가격이 기존 자동차보다 훨씬 높기 때문에 보험 비용도 더 높습니다.

게다가 기존 석유자동차에 비해 신에너지 자동차 구축의 문턱도 낮고, 핵심 3전기 구조도 복잡하지 않다. 하지만 제조사의 정비 승인이 없기 때문에, 일반적으로 전통적인 자동차 수리점에서는 이를 처리할 수 없습니다. 게다가 장비와 기술자의 부족으로 인해 소비자는 일반적으로 유지 관리 비용이 더 높은 4S 매장에만 갈 수 있습니다. 게다가 신에너지 자동차는 지능이 높고 가솔린 자동차보다 카메라와 레이더 센서가 더 많다. 심지어 조명도 다양하고 액세서리 가격도 상대적으로 높다.

또 언급해야 할 점은 우리나라의 신에너지 자동차 보유율이 여전히 매우 낮고 연료 자동차의 규모 효과를 달성하지 못했다는 점입니다. 보험사는 보험료 기준을 높여야 합니다.

하지만 보험사 입장에서는 이 사업도 감사할 일이 아닙니다.

위험률이 높습니다. 최근에는 신에너지 자동차 판매가 급증하면서 그에 따른 사고율도 급격히 증가했습니다. 특히, 일부 신에너지 차량의 보험 상태는 실제 사용 성격과 완전히 일치하지 않으며, 비상업용 차량은 운영 목적으로 사용됩니다. 예를 들어, 많은 사람들이 온라인 차량호출을 위해 신에너지 자동차를 사용하는 것을 좋아하며, 이로 인해 신에너지 자동차 보험의 위험이 크게 증가했습니다.

높은 지급률. 중국은행보험공사(CBIT)가 발표한 '신에너지 자동차 보험 시장 분석 보고서'에 따르면, 실제로 신에너지 자동차의 평균 보험료는 연료 자동차보다 약 21% 더 높다. 신에너지 자동차보험 손해율은 대부분 85%에 육박한다. 대부분의 보험사에서 신에너지 자동차보험 사업은 손익분기점에 있다.

2. 자동차 회사들의 게임 진출

신에너지 자동차 시장이 더욱 확대되면서 신에너지 자동차 보험료가 인상되었고, 보험사들도 주목할 만하다. 인수 부문에서 규모 효과를 달성해 보험료 인하가 기대된다.

자동차 회사의 자동차 보험 산업 체인 진출로 신에너지 자동차 보험의 높은 가격도 돌파할 것으로 예상됩니다.

이전에는 GAC, SAIC, Xpeng, Ideal 등의 OEM이 '보험 중개사'로서 '보험 계약자를 위한 보험 계획 수립, 보험사 선정, 보험 절차 처리'를 주로 담당했습니다. 또는 보험금 청구의 수혜자", "재보험 중개" 및 기타 중개 서비스. 이 모델에서 자동차회사의 '자동차보험사업' 수입은 주로 대리점판매수수료, 손해배상수수료, 컨설팅수수료 등에서 나오며, 자동차보험 상품을 직접 정의하고 판매할 수 있는 실질적인 힘은 없습니다. 그들만의 보험.

In comparison, BYD is not the earliest to enter the game, but it is the deepest to enter the game. After establishing an insurance brokerage company, BYD obtained an insurance company license. In March 2022, BYD invested in the establishment of BYD Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd. One year later, in May 2023, BYD acquired 100% of the equity of Yian Property and Casualty Insurance, obtained an insurance company license, and changed the name of Yi'an Property and Casualty Insurance to BYD Property and Casualty Insurance.

The emphasis that new energy vehicle companies place on insurance business stems from the rapid growth of market demand. The latest statistics from the Ministry of Public Security show that as of the end of 2023, the number of new energy vehicles nationwide reached 20.41 million, accounting for 6.07% of the total number of vehicles; with the rapid growth of new energy vehicles, new energy auto insurance premiums also have great room for development. According to Soochow Securities, sales of new energy vehicles will reach 11.67 million in 2025, with ownership reaching 36.93 million and premiums reaching 186.5 billion yuan.
The ceiling is huge, and car companies are bound to be unwilling to just be intermediaries.
"When cars enter the intelligent era, future car insurance and traditional car insurance will undergo disruptive changes. Car insurance will rely more on big data and artificial intelligence to determine insurance." Hundreds of Chinese Electric Vehicles Zhang Yongwei, vice chairman and secretary-general of the association, pointed out that many automobile companies in North America and Europe are making every effort to enter the automobile insurance track, which not only helps realize their own automobile sales, but also creates new business for vehicle OEM manufacturers. This is the automobile insurance industry. New opportunities brought by the insurance industry.
New energy vehicle companies are more familiar with the driving and usage habits of car owners, and have inherent advantages in mastering trip data and driving risks. They are expected to design more reasonable and accurate pricing models and develop insurance products with higher cost performance.
A person in charge of new energy auto insurance from a leading insurance company believes that under the direct operation and network-connected model, BYD's insurance can directly reach consumers and use the stickiness of insurance to completely lock customers into the BYD ecosystem. , can tap the long-term value of customers; at the same time, the OEM has more car owner data, which can bring space for innovative products; in addition, the OEM's sales and maintenance service network outlets can quickly access claims.
A reporter from Guangzhou Daily found that after eliminating “middlemen” such as insurance agents, the price of BYD auto insurance is generally several hundred to one thousand yuan cheaper than the original price in the market. Taking the first insurance policy issued as an example, the model is the Dolphin Honor Edition 420km Free Edition. The current official guide price is 112,800 yuan, and the premium is 3,900 yuan, including 2,950 yuan for commercial insurance and 950 yuan for compulsory traffic insurance, which is lower than the price previously expected by the industry. More than 1,000 yuan.
Although auto companies have natural data and customer advantages when entering the auto insurance field across industries, auto companies are currently far from being able to independently operate auto insurance business in terms of insurance product actuarial capabilities, risk management and control capabilities, and system matching capabilities. level.
3. Challenges from Data Lack to Responsibility Restructuring Chebai Think Tank pointed out in the research report "Research on Automobile Insurance System Innovation under the Trend of Electrification and Intelligence" that compared with traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have different operating mechanisms and technologies. Significant differences in configuration have given rise to new consumer demands for insurance products, such as reduced demand for full-vehicle theft and rescue insurance, heightened concerns about spontaneous combustion insurance, and concerns about battery aging.

With the development of smart electric vehicles, the types of risks will change, and so will the value composition and property rights of automobile products. Change. The implementation of the new insurance system for smart electric vehicles faces many difficulties.

First, there is a lack of historical data.

Although the new energy vehicle market is expanding, the data sample size is limited. For example, new energy vehicles in Beijing currently account for less than 8%, and the data volume is small and highly volatile. In addition, the short time for new insurance clauses to come online has resulted in a lack of solid data support for risk assessment and pricing. In addition, the physical properties, driving principles and risk characteristics of electric vehicles are significantly different from those of fuel vehicles. There is a lack of targeted quantitative assessment experience, making it difficult for insurance companies to accurately grasp new risks, especially in special areas such as battery aging and spontaneous combustion risks, making risk identification and Pricing becomes a big problem.

Secondly, at the level of insurance product design, the disconnect between billing methods and actual demand, insufficient compensation due to rapid depreciation of new energy vehicles, and underwriting challenges under technical risks constitute the three core Dilemma.

As the core component of electric vehicles, batteries’ high replacement costs and rapid depreciation pose a severe test to the insurance compensation mechanism.

Third, the introduction of autonomous driving technology not only changes the nature of driving, but also triggers changes in liability attribution, making the accident damage assessment and claims process extremely complex.

The types of risks brought about by intelligence have also increased, including network security risks, software failure risks, etc. These emerging risks pose challenges to traditional insurance products.

In addition, the challenges of the accountability system cannot be ignored.

Autonomous driving changes the nature of driving, making accident damage determination and compensation complex, and liability division difficult, and policyholders may be transferred to automobile manufacturers or software providers.

In order to cope with the challenges, good signals have been released at the policy level recently. At the China Electric Vehicle Hundreds Forum (2024), Sheng Qiuping once said that the Ministry of Commerce will conduct in-depth research on how to optimize new energy vehicle insurance rates, reduce consumers’ car purchase costs with a more reasonable pricing mechanism, enhance market attractiveness, and strive to Solve people's worries about buying cars and promote the healthy development of the new energy vehicle market.

4. Create a new insurance system

In order to build an insurance system that matches the smart electric vehicle market, Chebai Think Tank recommended in the research report "Research on Automobile Insurance System Innovation under the Trend of Electrification and Intelligence" that industrial integration should be strengthened. Improve risk management and pricing capabilities, accelerate innovation in insurance products and services, and leverage insurance funds to support industry development.

1. Strengthen industrial integration and achieve data sharing:

The unique risks and rich application scenarios of new energy vehicles are pain points and growth points in the development of auto insurance. The automobile industry and the insurance industry need in-depth cooperation to solve the problems of unclear risks and insufficient data. Under the new business model, insurance companies may lose contact with customers and service interfaces, and new energy vehicle companies may even become an important player in successfully achieving disintermediation and reducing surcharge rates in the comprehensive reform of auto insurance. Therefore, insurance companies must strengthen cooperation with relevant parties such as automobile industry associations, new energy vehicle companies, power battery companies, after-sales maintenance companies, new energy vehicle technology companies, insurance technology companies, etc., expand data sources, make up for data shortcomings, and clarify risks , giving full play to the advantages of pricing and product innovation.

2. Improve risk management and pricing capabilities:

Risk management and pricing are the core advantages of insurance companies. New energy auto insurance requires precise identification and pricing of risks. Insurance companies need to build a comprehensive risk assessment system, link premium rates with risks, develop pricing models, support the determination of independent pricing coefficients, and improve industry efficiency.

3. Accelerate insurance product and service innovation:

The new energy automobile industry has a long chain and rich technology integration, and insurance application scenarios are wide. At present, exclusive clauses for new energy vehicle insurance in the industry have been implemented, laying a solid foundation for insurance companies to strengthen product and service innovation related to new energy vehicles. On the basis of new energy auto insurance products, insurance companies can actively develop insurance products and services from the following perspectives: battery and energy storage system insurance, assisted driving system insurance, vehicle-electricity separation operation mode insurance, battery cascade utilization insurance and new energy vehicle aftermarket insurance .

4. Give full play to the role of insurance funds to support industrial development:

In addition to the liability side, the asset side of insurance companies can also contribute important forces to the development of the new energy automobile industry. The development cycle of the new energy automobile industry is long, and insurance funds should be given full play to the long-term and stable characteristics to meet the financing needs of the industry while achieving stable investment returns; at the same time, insurance companies invest in new energy vehicle companies, power battery companies, and automotive aftermarket companies. , new energy vehicle technology companies and other enterprises can effectively promote the construction of new energy vehicle ecosystem and industrial integration and support the development of the debt side.

This article comes from WeChat public account: WeChat public account (ID: null), author: Zhou Shuangjiang

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