Building a Polymorphic Translatable Model in Laravel with Autoloaded Translations-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

Building a Polymorphic Translatable Model in Laravel with Autoloaded Translations

When handling multilingual content, it’s often more efficient to store translations in a JSON column rather than individual rows for each attribute. This approach consolidates translations into a single column, simplifying data management and retrieval.

Setting Up the Translation System

We’ll enhance our Translation model and table to use a JSON column for storing translations. This will involve updating the table schema and modifying the Translatable trait to handle JSON data.

Step 1: Create Translations Table Migration

If the translations table does not already exist, create a new migration:

php artisan make:migration create_translations_table

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Step 2: Define the Table Structure

Open the generated migration file in database/migrations. For a new table, define it as follows:

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration; use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema; class CreateTranslationsTable extends Migration { public function up() { Schema::create('translations', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->string('locale'); // Stores the locale, e.g., 'en', 'fr' $table->string('translatable_type'); // Stores the related model type, e.g., 'Post', 'Product' $table->unsignedBigInteger('translatable_id'); // Stores the ID of the related model $table->json('translations'); // Stores all translations as a JSON object $table->timestamps(); }); } public function down() { Schema::dropIfExists('translations'); } }

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Step 3: Run the Migration
Apply the migration to your database:

php artisan migrate

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Step 4: Create the Translation Model

Next, create the Translation model to handle the polymorphic relationship:

php artisan make:model Translation

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In the Translation model, define the polymorphic relationship:

class Translation extends Model { protected $fillable = ['locale', 'translatable_type', 'translatable_id', 'translations']; protected $casts = [ 'translations' => 'array', ]; public function translatable() { return $this->morphTo(); } }

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Implementing the Translatable Trait with JSON Storage

To make translation handling reusable across multiple models, we’ll create a Translatable trait that will automatically load the translated content based on the user’s selected locale. Additionally, we’ll add a fallback mechanism to load content from the default locale if no translation is available for the selected locale.

Step 1: Create the Translatable Trait with JSON Handling

namespace App\Traits; use App\Models\Translation; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\App; trait Translatable { public static function bootTranslatable() { static::retrieved(function ($model) { $model->loadTranslations(); }); } public function translations() { return $this->morphMany(Translation::class, 'translatable'); } public function loadTranslations() { $locale = App::getLocale(); $defaultLocale = config('app.default_locale', 'en'); // Fallback to the default locale // Try to load translations for the current locale $translation = $this->translations()->where('locale', $locale)->first(); if (!$translation && $locale !== $defaultLocale) { // If no translations are found for the current locale, fallback to the default locale $translation = $this->translations()->where('locale', $defaultLocale)->first(); } if ($translation) { $translations = $translation->translations; foreach ($translations as $key => $value) { $this->{$key} = $value; } } } public function addTranslations(array $translations, $locale = null) { $locale = $locale ?? App::getLocale(); return $this->translations()->updateOrCreate( ['locale' => $locale], ['translations' => $translations] ); } }

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Step 2: Apply the Translatable Trait to Your Model
Add the Translatable trait to any model requiring translation support.

namespace App\Models; use App\Traits\Translatable; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Post extends Model { use Translatable; protected $fillable = ['title', 'content']; }

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Example: Creating a Translated Model

Add translations as a JSON object:

$post = Post::create(['title' => 'Default Title', 'content' => 'Default Content']); // Adding translations $post->addTranslations([ 'title' => 'Hello World', 'content' => 'Welcome to our website' ], 'en'); $post->addTranslations([ 'title' => 'Bonjour le monde', 'content' => 'Bienvenue sur notre site Web' ], 'fr');

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Retrieving Translated Models

When you retrieve the Post model, it will automatically load the translated content based on the current locale or fall back to the default locale if necessary:

App::setLocale('fr'); $post = Post::find(1); echo $post->title; // Displays "Bonjour le monde" if French translation exists App::setLocale('es'); $post = Post::find(1); echo $post->title; // Displays "Hello World" as it falls back to the English translation

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Displaying Translated Content in Views

In your Blade views, you can display the translated content like any other model attribute:

{{ $post->title }}
 {{ $post->content }}

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Conclusion

By using a JSON column to store translations and implementing a fallback mechanism, you streamline the management of multilingual content in your Laravel application. This approach consolidates translations into a single column, simplifying data handling and making your codebase more maintainable. Whether you’re building a blog, e-commerce site, or any multilingual application, this method ensures a smooth and efficient user experience.

Enjoy!

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