Golang framework extension interoperates with native code

The Go framework can interact with native code through CGO and SWIG: CGO allows direct calls to C functions, generating conversion wrappers between Go parameters and C types. SWIG generates wrapper code that interfaces C/C++ code with Go code, providing high-level abstraction and customization.

Go framework extensions interoperate with native code

In Go applications, we often need to interact with native code, For example, calling a C library or using system calls. Go provides two main mechanisms to achieve this: CGO and SWIG.

CGO

CGO allows calling C functions directly from Go code. It works by using the compiler to generate a wrapper that converts Go parameters to C types and calls C code.

import "C"

func main() {
    C.puts(C.CString("Hello from Go!"))
}

SWIG

SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator) is a tool that generates wrapper code that automatically interfaces C/C++ code with Go code. SWIG provides a higher level of abstraction and customization than CGO, but it requires additional setup.

swig -go -c++ mymodule.i
go build -ldflags=-extldflags="-static"

Practical case

Use CGO to call the C library to parse JSON

Suppose we have a file named The C library of libjson, which provides the function of parsing JSON strings. We can use CGO to call this library:

package main

/*
#cgo LDFLAGS: -ljson
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void parse_json(const char* json_string);
*/
import "C"

func main() {
    input := "{"foo":"bar"}"
    C.parse_json(C.CString(input))
}

Use SWIG to call C++ classes

Suppose we have a C++ class named MyClass, which Has member functions that perform calculations. We can use SWIG to generate wrapper code:

// MyClass.h
class MyClass {
public:
    int compute(int a, int b);
};

modules MyModule {
    interface MyClass {
        function compute(a, b);
    };
};

Then we can call MyClass with Go code:

package main

// #cgo CFLAGS: -I../cpp
// #cgo LDFLAGS: -L../cpp -lMyModule
// #include "MyModule_wrap.h"
import "C"

func main() {
    obj := MyClass_new()
    defer MyClass_delete(obj)
    result := int(C.MyClass_compute(obj, 10, 20))
    println(result)
}

By using CGO or SWIG, we can easily convert native The code integrates with Go applications, extending the functionality of the framework and interacting with the underlying system.

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