Best practices for coding style in PHP framework: clear, maintainable, and efficient

Coding style best practices in the PHP framework: clear, maintainable, efficient

Following a consistent and clear coding style in the PHP framework is essential for maintaining the integrity of the code base. Maintainability, collaboration, and readability are critical. This article will share the best practices of coding style in the PHP framework and provide practical cases for reference.

Indentation and line breaks

• Use 4 spaces for indentation and avoid tabs.
• Continuously indented blocks of code should be left-aligned and contain only one statement per line of code.
• Use newlines to separate adjacent statements and blocks of code to improve readability.

Naming convention

• Use camel notation for naming variables, functions, and methods.
• Use underline nomenclature to name constants.
• Class names should start with a capital letter.

Example:

// 变量
$myVariable;
// 函数
function myAwesomeFunction() {}
// 方法
public function myWonderfulMethod() {}
// 常量
const API_KEY;
// 类
class MyAwesomeClass {}

Comments

• Use documentation blocks to comment functions, methods, and classes.
• Follow PHPDoc format to write comments, including type declarations and descriptions.
• Comments should be concise and to the point, providing enough information to explain the function of the code.

Example:

/**
 * 获取用户的详细信息
 *
 * @param int $userId 用户 ID
 * @return array 用户详细信息
 */
public function getUserDetails(int $userId): array
{
    // 获取用户详细信息
}

Grammar and language features

• Avoid using complex syntax constructs such as switch-case.
• Use expression syntax in preference to statement syntax.
• Use type declarations whenever possible to improve code readability and safety.

Example:

// 表达式语法
$output = 1 < 2 ? 'True' : 'False';

// 避免使用 switch-case
$result = match ($action) {
    'create' => createSomething(),
    'update' => updateSomething(),
    'delete' => deleteSomething(),
    default => null,
};

Code Organization

• Group related code into modular methods or classes.
• Use namespaces to organize code and improve maintainability.
• Follow the DRY principle (don’t repeat yourself) to avoid duplicating code.

Example:

// 模块化方法
private function createSomething(array $data): void
{
    // ...
}

// 命名空间
namespace App\Models;

class User
{
    // ...
}

Actual case

Clear:

##Name Conventions are clear and consistent, making it easy for team members to understand the code.
• Comments are detailed and concise, providing a clear explanation of what the code does.

Maintainable:

The code is well organized, modular and avoids duplication.
• Using type declarations can reduce errors and improve code safety.

Efficient:

Expression syntax improves code simplicity and readability.
• Optimizing algorithms and data structures can improve the efficiency of the code.

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