XSLT结果文档格式如何控制？-XML/RSS教程-PHP中文网

<blockquote>XSLT输出格式控制需综合运用xsl:output指令、模板结构、空白处理和命名空间管理。首先通过xsl:output的method、indent、encoding等属性设定输出类型、缩进和编码；其次利用xsl:element、xsl:attribute、xsl:text等构建精确内容结构；再通过xsl:strip-space和xsl:preserve-space控制输入空白，结合xsl:text输出特定换行与空格实现细粒度格式化；最后合理设置命名空间前缀排除规则。选择method时，xml适用于严格结构化数据交换，html适合浏览器渲染的网页生成，text用于纯文本提取。编码应统一为UTF-8并确保文件实际编码一致，避免乱码；独立XML文档保留XML声明，嵌入片段则省略。关键在于根据目标用途精准配置各项参数，确保输出可解析、可读且兼容。</blockquote> <p><img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/001/221/864/175584960451357.jpg" alt="xslt结果文档格式如何控制？"></p> <p>XSLT结果文档的格式控制，核心在于<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:output</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>这个指令，它像是一个总开关，决定了最终产物的基本形态。但仅仅依靠它还不够，我们还需要通过XSLT模板本身的结构、对空白字符的精细处理，以及对命名空间的管理，才能真正实现对输出格式的全面掌控。这不仅仅是技术细节，更关乎你的输出文档是能被正确解析，还是成为一堆乱码，亦或是被目标系统完美接纳。</p> <p>解决方案</p> <p>要细致地控制XSLT结果文档的格式，我们主要从以下几个方面入手，这就像是雕刻一件作品，需要从宏观的材质选择到微观的纹理处理：</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:output</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 元素：宏观设定</strong> 这是最直接也是最重要的控制点。它通常放在XSLT样式表的根部，用于声明输出文档的类型和一些全局属性。</p> <ul> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性：</strong> 决定了输出文档的基本类型。<ul> <li><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xml</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：这是默认值，输出严格的XML格式。这意味着所有元素必须正确闭合，空元素会是<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><tag/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>的形式，且会严格处理XML命名空间。</li> <li><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">html</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：当你的目标是生成HTML文档时，使用这个。XSLT<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="处理器" href="//m.sbmmt.com/zt/16030.html" target="_blank">处理器</a>会尝试输出<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="浏览器" href="//m.sbmmt.com/zt/16180.html" target="_blank">浏览器</a>友好的HTML，例如，它会知道某些HTML标签（如<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><br></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>、<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><meta></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>）不需要闭合，或者会自动添加必要的HTML实体。这在生成网页内容时非常方便。</li> <li><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：如果你只想输出纯文本，没有任何标记，就用这个。处理器会忽略所有XML/HTML标签，只输出文本内容。</li> </ul> </li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">indent</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性：</strong> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">yes</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 或 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">no</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>。设置为 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">yes</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 时，处理器会尝试在输出XML/HTML时添加缩进和换行，使其更具可读性。这对于调试和人工阅读非常有用，但对于机器解析来说，通常是可选的，甚至可能增加文件大小。</li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">encoding</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性：</strong> 指定输出文档的字符编码，例如<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>、<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">GB2312</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>。这是确保多语言内容正确显示的关键。如果你的源XML或XSLT包含非ASCII字符，务必指定一个正确的编码，通常推荐<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>。</li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">omit-xml-declaration</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性：</strong> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">yes</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 或 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">no</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>。设置为 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">yes</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 时，输出文档将不包含<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>这样的XML声明。当你需要将XSLT输出嵌入到另一个XML文档中，或者目标系统不期望XML声明时，这很有用。</li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">doctype-public</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 和 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">doctype-system</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性：</strong> 主要用于<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="html"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>或<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="xml"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>时，指定文档类型定义（DTD），例如HTML5的<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><!DOCTYPE html></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>。</li> </ul> <p><strong>示例：</strong></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:xml;toolbar:false;'><xsl:output method="html" indent="yes" encoding="UTF-8" doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div></li> <li> <p><strong>模板结构与元素构建：精细控制</strong> 你的XSLT模板如何匹配源XML节点，以及如何使用<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:element</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>、<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:attribute</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>、<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>等指令来构建输出，直接决定了最终文档的结构和内容。</p> <ul> <li> <strong>字面结果元素：</strong> 直接在XSLT中写入HTML或XML标签，它们会被原样输出。</li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:element</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong> 动态创建元素。这在你需要根据条件生成不同标签名时非常有用。</li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:attribute</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong> 动态创建属性。</li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong> 精确控制文本内容，包括空白字符。这在输出纯文本或者需要特定换行符时尤其重要。</li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:value-of</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong> 将选定节点的值插入到输出中。</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>空白字符处理：细致入微</strong> 除了<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">indent</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>属性，XSLT还提供了更细粒度的空白字符控制：</p> <ul> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:strip-space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 和 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:preserve-space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong> 这些指令用于控制XSLT处理器在处理<em>源XML文档</em>时，是移除（strip）还是保留（preserve）某些元素的空白文本节点。虽然影响的是输入，但它间接决定了哪些空白会被处理和输出。</li> <li> <strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xml:space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性：</strong> 在源XML文档中，你可以为特定元素设置<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xml:space="preserve"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>来告诉处理器保留其内部的空白。</li> </ul> </li> <li><p><strong>命名空间管理：秩序与规范</strong> 如果你在处理包含命名空间的XML文档，并希望在输出中正确地保留或排除它们，<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">exclude-result-prefixes</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>和<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">extension-element-prefixes</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>等属性就显得尤为重要。它们帮助你控制哪些命名空间前缀应该出现在结果文档中，避免不必要的命名空间声明。</p></li> </ol> <p>XSLT输出HTML与XML时有哪些关键差异，我该如何选择输出方法？</p> <p>在我看来，XSLT输出HTML和XML最核心的差异在于它们对“格式正确性”的容忍度以及对特定标签的处理方式。这不仅仅是语法上的不同，更是两种文档类型各自的应用场景所决定的。</p> <p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="xml"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 模式下，XSLT处理器会严格遵循XML的规范。这意味着：</p> <ul> <li> <strong>严格的闭合规则：</strong> 所有元素都必须有开始标签和结束标签，即使是像<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><br></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>这样的空元素，也必须写成<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><br/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>或<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><br></br></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>。</li> <li> <strong>命名空间处理：</strong> 会严格按照XML命名空间的规则进行处理和声明。</li> <li> <strong>实体引用：</strong> 像<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">&</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>、<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>等XML预定义实体会被保留，不会被转换成对应的字符。</li> <li> <strong>错误处理：</strong> 任何不符合XML规范的输出都会导致解析错误。</li> </ul> <p>而 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="html"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 模式则更“宽容”，它旨在生成能够被Web浏览器正确解析和渲染的HTML。它会：</p> <ul> <li> <strong>HTML特定规则：</strong> 自动处理HTML中一些特殊标签的闭合问题。例如，<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><br></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>、<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><meta></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>、<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">@@##@@</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>等空元素，它会输出为<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><br></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>而不是<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><br/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，并且对于<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><p></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>、<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><li></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>等标签，即使没有明确的闭合标签，浏览器也能接受，XSLT处理器在某些情况下也会遵循这种“非严格”的输出。</li> <li> <strong>HTML实体：</strong> 可能会将一些XML实体转换成HTML中更常见的字符，或者根据HTML的规范来处理。</li> <li> <strong>文档类型声明：</strong> 通常会更好地配合<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">doctype-public</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>和<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">doctype-system</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>属性，生成符合HTML标准的DOCTYPE声明。</li> <li> <strong>自动修复：</strong> 某些XSLT处理器在<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">html</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>模式下，甚至会尝试对一些轻微的格式问题进行“修复”，以确保输出的HTML能在浏览器中正常显示。</li> </ul> <p><strong>如何选择输出方法？</strong></p> <p>这其实很简单，完全取决于你的<strong>目标用途</strong>：</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>选择 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="xml"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong></p> <ul> <li>当你的输出需要被另一个XML解析器处理时（例如，作为Web服务的请求或响应，或者作为数据交换的中间格式）。</li> <li>当你需要生成严格符合特定XML Schema或DTD的文档时。</li> <li>当你需要确保XML文档的“格式正确性”是最高优先级时。</li> <li>我个人在做数据转换、生成配置文件或者API响应时，总是优先选择<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xml</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>模式，因为它能确保数据的结构化和可解析性。</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>选择 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="html"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong></p> <ul> <li>当你直接生成网页内容，供Web浏览器显示时。</li> <li>当你需要利用HTML的灵活性，例如省略一些标签的闭合（尽管我个人倾向于写完整的HTML，避免潜在的浏览器兼容问题）。</li> <li>当你希望XSLT处理器能帮你处理一些HTML特有的细节时。</li> <li>我通常在构建动态网页的后端渲染逻辑时使用<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">html</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>模式，它能让最终的HTML代码更符合浏览器预期。</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>选择 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="text"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong></p> <ul> <li>当你只想从XML中提取纯文本信息，例如生成报告、日志文件或CSV文件时。</li> <li>当你不需要任何标记，只关心数据内容本身时。</li> <li>我在从复杂XML中提取特定字段并生成简单列表时，会选择<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>模式，省去处理标签的麻烦。</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>总之，选择哪种方法，就像是选择一把<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="工具" href="//m.sbmmt.com/zt/16887.html" target="_blank">工具</a>，得看你要解决什么问题，你的输出最终会流向哪里。</p> <p>如何在XSLT中精确控制空白字符和格式化缩进？</p> <p>精确控制空白字符和格式化缩进，这在XSLT转换中确实是个细致活，有时候确实是个头疼的问题。<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:output</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>中的<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">indent="yes"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>固然能提供基本的缩进，但它往往不够智能，无法满足所有场景。要更精细地控制，我们需要结合多个工具。</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:output</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 的 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">indent</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性：</strong> 这是最粗粒度的控制。当设置为 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">yes</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 时，XSLT处理器会尝试在元素之间插入换行符和空格，以创建层级缩进。</p> <ul> <li> <strong>优点：</strong> 简单易用，对于大多数XML或HTML输出，能显著提高可读性。</li> <li> <strong>局限性：</strong> 不同的XSLT处理器对<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">indent="yes"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>的实现可能有所不同，生成的缩进样式不一定是你想要的。而且，它可能在某些情况下插入多余的空白，或者在你不希望有空白的地方也进行缩进。例如，在CDATA块内部，或者在一个需要紧凑输出的文本节点旁边，它可能会“过度”格式化。</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:strip-space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 和 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:preserve-space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：处理输入源的空白</strong> 这两个指令不是直接控制输出的空白，而是控制XSLT处理器如何处理<em>源XML文档</em>中的空白文本节点。但它们对最终输出有间接影响。</p> <ul> <li><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:strip-space elements="*"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：告诉处理器移除所有元素内部的空白文本节点。这对于那些只包含元素而不包含混合内容的元素非常有用，可以清理源文档中可能存在的格式化空白。</li> <li><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:preserve-space elements="pre | code"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：告诉处理器保留特定元素（例如<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>或<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><code></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>）内部的空白。这对于代码片段或预格式化文本至关重要，因为其中的空白是内容的一部分。</li> <li> <strong>我的经验：</strong> 我通常会默认<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">strip-space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，然后对需要保留空白的特定元素使用<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">preserve-space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，这样可以确保输出不会被源文档中不必要的空白污染。</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 元素：输出精确的空白</strong> 这是最强大的工具，用于输出任何你想要的文本内容，包括精确的空白字符（空格、换行、制表符）。处理器不会对<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>内部的内容进行任何额外的处理或格式化。</p> <ul> <li> <strong>输出换行：</strong> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><xsl:text>
</xsl:text></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 或直接在<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>标签内输入换行符。</li> <li> <strong>输出制表符：</strong> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><xsl:text>	</xsl:text></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div></li> <li> <strong>输出精确空格：</strong> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><xsl:text> </xsl:text></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div></li> <li> <strong>应用场景：</strong> 当你需要生成CSV文件（逗号分隔）、固定宽度文本文件，或者在XML/HTML中需要非常特定的格式时，<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>是不可或缺的。例如，在HTML中，如果你想在两个<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>之间强制一个空格，直接写在模板中可能会被<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">indent="yes"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>移除，但用<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><xsl:text> </xsl:text></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>就能保证输出。</li> </ul> </li> <li><p><strong><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xml:space="preserve"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性：源XML的提示</strong> 如果你的源XML文档中的某个元素，其内部的空白字符（比如换行和缩进）是内容的一部分，那么在源XML中为该元素添加<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xml:space="preserve"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>属性，可以告诉XSLT处理器在处理该元素时保留其内部的空白文本节点。这与<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:preserve-space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>类似，但它是直接在源文档中定义的。</p></li> </ol> <p><strong>个人心得：</strong> 在实际项目中，我发现<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">indent="yes"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>虽然方便，但往往不能满足所有需求。特别是在生成需要精确格式的配置文件或报告时，我更倾向于结合使用<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:strip-space</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>清理输入，然后通过在模板中手动插入<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>来控制输出的换行和缩进。这虽然会增加XSLT代码的冗余，但能提供100%的控制力，避免了不同处理器行为不一致的问题。记住，<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:text</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>是你的好朋友，尤其是在你需要输出非XML/HTML的纯文本格式时。</p> <p>处理XSLT输出编码和XML声明时有哪些最佳实践和常见陷阱？</p> <p>处理XSLT输出的编码和XML声明，这看似小事，但在跨系统集成、多语言内容处理时，却常常是导致乱码或解析失败的“罪魁祸首”。我在这里分享一些我个人总结的最佳实践和一些常见的陷阱。</p> <p><strong>关于编码 (<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">encoding</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性)：</strong></p> <p><strong>最佳实践：</strong></p> <ol> <li> <strong>始终明确指定 <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>：</strong> 除非你有非常特殊的理由，否则请在<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:output</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>中将<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">encoding</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>属性设置为<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>。<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>是目前最通用、最强大的字符编码，支持世界上几乎所有的字符集，能有效避免乱码问题。<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:xml;toolbar:false;'><xsl:output method="xml" encoding="UTF-8" indent="yes"/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div></li> <li> <strong>保持一致性：</strong> 确保你的源XML文档、XSLT样式表文件以及最终的输出文件，三者的编码声明和实际编码都保持一致。如果源文件是<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">GBK</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，而XSLT样式表是<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，输出又声明<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，这中间很容易出问题。通常，我会尽量将所有文件都统一到<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>。</li> <li> <strong>HTML输出中的<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">meta</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>标签：</strong> 如果<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="html"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，XSLT处理器通常会根据<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">encoding</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>属性自动在HTML的<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><head></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>部分生成一个<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><meta charset="UTF-8"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>（或等效的HTTP-EQUIV）标签。这是一个好习惯，因为它明确告诉浏览器如何解析页面。</li> </ol> <p><strong>常见陷阱：</strong></p> <ol> <li> <strong>编码声明与实际编码不符：</strong> 这是最常见的乱码原因。你声明了<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">encoding="UTF-8"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，但你的文件实际是以<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">GBK</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>保存的。或者，你的服务器在传输文件时，HTTP头中声明的<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">Content-Type</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>与你XSLT输出的编码不一致。</li> <li> <strong>遗漏编码声明：</strong> 如果你的输出包含非ASCII字符，但你没有在<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">xsl:output</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>中指定<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">encoding</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，那么XSLT处理器可能会使用其默认编码（这可能是平台相关的，不确定），或者下游系统会尝试猜测编码，结果往往是乱码。</li> <li> <strong>BOM (Byte Order Mark) 问题：</strong> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>编码理论上不需要BOM，但在Windows环境下，一些编辑器默认会添加BOM。某些下游系统或解析器可能对带有BOM的<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>文件处理不当，导致额外的字符或解析错误。XSLT处理器通常不会在<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">UTF-8</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>输出中添加BOM，但如果你的源文件带有BOM，或者后续处理中引入了BOM，需要留意。</li> </ol> <p><strong>关于XML声明 (<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">omit-xml-declaration</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> 属性)：</strong></p> <p><strong>最佳实践：</strong></p> <ol> <li> <strong>独立XML文档：</strong> 如果你的XSLT输出是一个独立的XML文档，并且会被其他XML解析器处理，那么通常建议<strong>不省略</strong>XML声明（即<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">omit-xml-declaration="no"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>或不设置，因为<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">no</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>是默认值）。XML声明提供了文档的版本和编码信息，对于解析器正确处理文档至关重要。</li> <li> <strong>嵌入XML片段：</strong> 当你的XSLT输出只是一个更大的XML文档中的一个片段，或者你需要将其嵌入到HTML页面中时，通常应该<strong>省略</strong>XML声明（即<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">omit-xml-declaration="yes"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>）。在一个文档中出现多个XML声明会导致解析错误。</li> <li> <strong>HTML输出：</strong> 对于<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">method="html"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>，XML声明通常是不需要的，甚至可能引起浏览器兼容性问题，所以一般会省略。</li> </ol> <p><strong>常见陷阱：</strong></p> <ol> <li> <strong>省略声明但包含非ASCII字符：</strong> 如果你省略了XML声明（<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">omit-xml-declaration="yes"</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>），但文档中包含了非ASCII字符，并且没有其他机制（如HTTP头）明确指定编码，那么接收方系统可能会默认使用一个错误的编码（例如<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">ISO-8859-1</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>），导致乱码。<strong>这是非常危险的！</strong> 如果你必须省略XML声明，请务必确保你的内容全部是ASCII字符，或者你有其他可靠的机制来确保接收方能正确识别编码。</li> <li> <strong>不必要的声明：</strong> 在HTML文档或XML片段中包含XML声明，可能会导致浏览器或解析器出现意外行为，或者直接报错。我曾经遇到过在HTML页面顶部多出<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div>导致IE浏览器进入怪异模式的问题。</li> </ol> <p>总而言之，编码和XML声明是XSLT输出的“元数据”，它们告诉解析器如何理解和处理你的文档。花点时间理解它们，并在实践中多加留意，能为你省去不少调试的麻烦。</p> <img alt="XSLT结果文档格式如何控制？" >

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