How to create and use a CancellationToken in C#?
Create a CancellationTokenSource Gets a CancellationToken, used to notify other threads or components to cancel the operation. 2. Pass the token to an asynchronous method that supports cancellation (such as Task.Run). The task can periodically check the cancellation request to achieve graceful termination.
A CancellationToken in C# allows you to signal from one thread or component to an operation running elsewhere that it should stop what it's doing. This is essential for gracefully canceling long-running or asynchronous tasks. Here's how to create and use one properly.
Creating a CancellationToken
The token is typically created through a CancellationTokenSource , which manages the lifecycle of the cancellation request.
- Create a CancellationTokenSource object.
- Obtain the token via its Token property.
- Pass this token to methods that support cancellation.
Example:
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();<br> CancellationToken token = cts.Token;
Passing the Token to Tasks
Most async methods in .NET (like Task.Run , or methods in HttpClient, Stream, etc.) accept a CancellationToken as a parameter.
- Pass the token when starting the operation.
- The operation can periodically check if cancellation has been requested.
Example with Task.Run:
Task task = Task.Run(() =><br> {<br> for (int i = 0; i < 100; i )<br> {<br> if (token.IsCancellationRequested)<br> {<br> Console.WriteLine("Operation cancelled.");<br> return;<br> }<br> Console.WriteLine($"Working... {i}%");<br> Thread.Sleep(100);<br> }<br> }, token);
Requesting Cancellation
To cancel the operation, call Cancel() on the CancellationTokenSource .
- This sets the token's IsCancellationRequested to true.
- It does not force the task to stop — the operation must check the token and respond appropriately.
Example:
// Cancel after 2 seconds<br> Thread.Sleep(2000);<br> cts.Cancel();
You can also use CancelAfter() to schedule cancellation automatically:
cts.CancelAfter(2000); // Cancel in 2 seconds
Responding to Cancellation in Async Methods
In async code, throw a OperationCanceledException when cancellation is detected to follow standard patterns.
Example:
async Task DoWorkAsync(CancellationToken token)<br> {<br> for (int i = 0; i < 100; i )<br> {<br> token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();<br> await Task.Delay(100, token); // Delay respects token<br> }<br> }
Using ThrowIfCancellationRequested() ensures proper exception handling and integrates well with Task and async/await .
Basically, use CancellationTokenSource to create and trigger cancellation, pass the token to operations, and check it regularly to allow graceful shutdown. It's a cooperative model — the receiving code must participate. That's how it stays safe and predictable.
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