What is SYSDATE in Oracle?
SYSDATE in Oracle returns the current date and time from the database server’s operating system. 1. It includes both date and time down to the second and is based on the server's clock, not the client's. 2. It can be used as SYSDATE or SYSDATE() with no functional difference. 3. Common uses include inserting current timestamps, calculating date differences, and adding or subtracting time intervals such as SYSDATE 1 for tomorrow. 4. To format output, use TO_CHAR with a format mask like 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'. 5. Important notes: SYSDATE is not timezone-aware, returns the same value throughout a single SQL statement, and is widely used in audit columns, triggers, and scheduling logic. Therefore, SYSDATE is a reliable and essential function for time-sensitive operations in Oracle databases.
SYSDATE in Oracle is a built-in date function that returns the current date and time of the database server's operating system. It's commonly used when you need to record or compare the current timestamp in queries, inserts, updates, or calculations involving dates.
Key Points About SYSDATE
-
Returns both date and time: Unlike some date functions that return only the date portion,
SYSDATEincludes the current date and time (down to the second). -
Based on the server clock: The value comes from the database server, not the client machine. So if your application runs on a different time zone than the server,
SYSDATEstill reflects the server's time. -
No parentheses needed (but allowed): You can use it as
SYSDATEorSYSDATE()— both work the same way in Oracle.
Common Uses of SYSDATE
1. Inserting the current timestamp
When logging records, you often want to store when an entry was created:
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, order_date, customer_id) VALUES (101, SYSDATE, 5001);
This sets order_date to the current date and time.
2. Calculating date differences
You can subtract dates to find the number of days between them:
SELECT SYSDATE - hire_date AS days_employed FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 105;
This shows how many days an employee has been with the company.
3. Adding or subtracting time
Oracle lets you add or subtract fractions of a day:
- Add 1 hour:
SYSDATE 1/24 - Add 30 minutes:
SYSDATE 30/(24*60) - Tomorrow:
SYSDATE 1 - One day ago:
SYSDATE - 1
Example:
SELECT SYSDATE, SYSDATE 1 AS tomorrow FROM dual;
Formatting SYSDATE Output
By default, Oracle displays dates in the session's NLS_DATE_FORMAT. To control the format explicitly:
SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS') AS formatted_date FROM dual;
Output example:
04/05/2025 14:30:22
This is useful for reports or debugging.
Important Notes
-
SYSDATEis not timezone-aware by itself. For timezone support, considerCURRENT_DATEorSYSTIMESTAMP. - It’s deterministic per execution: Every time you reference
SYSDATEin a single SQL statement, it returns the same value (the time when the statement started executing). - Used widely in constraints, triggers, audit columns (like
created_on,updated_on), and scheduling logic.
Basically, SYSDATE is the go-to function in Oracle when you need the current date and time from the database server. It’s simple, reliable, and essential for time-sensitive operations.
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