Wie kann man Subarrays basierend auf Schlüssel-Wert-Paaren in mehrdimensionalen PHP-Arrays effizient finden?

function search($array, $key, $value)
{
    $results = array();

    if (is_array($array)) {
        // Check if the current subarray matches
        if (isset($array[$key]) && $array[$key] == $value) {
            $results[] = $array;
        }

        // Recursively search inner subarrays
        foreach ($array as $subarray) {
            $results = array_merge($results, search($subarray, $key, $value));
        }
    }

    return $results;
}

$arr = array(0 => array(id => 1, name => "cat 1"),
             1 => array(id => 2, name => "cat 2"),
             2 => array(id => 3, name => "cat 1"));

$found = search($arr, 'name', 'cat 1');
print_r($found);

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [id] => 1
            [name] => cat 1
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [id] => 3
            [name] => cat 1
        )

)

function search_optimized($array, $key, $value)
{
    $results = [];
    search_r($array, $key, $value, $results);
    return $results;
}

function search_r($array, $key, $value, & $results)
{
    if (!is_array($array)) {
        return;
    }

    if (isset($array[$key]) && $array[$key] == $value) {
        $results[] = $array;
    }

    foreach ($array as $subarray) {
        search_r($subarray, $key, $value, $results);
    }
}