PHP-Metaprogrammierung verstehen: Dynamische Codemanipulation

<?php

class DynamicClass {
    private $data = [];

    // Magic method to handle dynamic property setting
    public function __set($name, $value) {
        echo "Setting '$name' to '$value'.\n";
        $this->data[$name] = $value;
    }

    // Magic method to handle dynamic property getting
    public function __get($name) {
        if (array_key_exists($name, $this->data)) {
            echo "Getting '$name'.\n";
            return $this->data[$name];
        }

        echo "Property '$name' not set.\n";
        return null;
    }

    // Magic method to handle dynamic method calls
    public function __call($name, $arguments) {
        echo "Calling method '$name' with arguments: " . implode(', ', $arguments) . "\n";
        return null;
    }
}

// Usage example
$obj = new DynamicClass();

// Setting properties dynamically
$obj->name = "Metaprogramming";
$obj->type = "PHP";

// Getting properties dynamically
echo $obj->name . "\n";  // Outputs: Metaprogramming
echo $obj->type . "\n";  // Outputs: PHP

// Calling a dynamic method
$obj->dynamicMethod("arg1", "arg2");

Setting 'name' to 'Metaprogramming'.
Setting 'type' to 'PHP'.
Getting 'name'.
Metaprogramming
Getting 'type'.
PHP
Calling method 'dynamicMethod' with arguments: arg1, arg2

<?php

class ExampleClass {
    public $name;
    public $type;

    public function __construct($name, $type) {
        $this->name = $name;
        $this->type = $type;
    }

    public function sayHello() {
        echo "Hello from $this->name, a $this->type example!\n";
    }
}

function reflectOnClass($className) {
    // Reflecting on the class
    $reflector = new ReflectionClass($className);

    echo "Class: " . $reflector->getName() . "\n";

    // Reflecting on the class properties
    echo "Properties: \n";
    foreach ($reflector->getProperties() as $property) {
        echo "- " . $property->getName() . "\n";
    }

    // Reflecting on the class methods
    echo "Methods: \n";
    foreach ($reflector->getMethods() as $method) {
        echo "- " . $method->getName() . "\n";
    }
}

// Usage example
$example = new ExampleClass("Metaprogramming", "PHP");
$example->sayHello();  // Outputs: Hello from Metaprogramming, a PHP example!

// Reflecting on the ExampleClass
reflectOnClass('ExampleClass');

Hello from Metaprogramming, a PHP example!
Class: ExampleClass
Properties: 
- name
- type
Methods: 
- __construct
- sayHello

<?php

class Calculator {
    public function add($a, $b) {
        return $a + $b;
    }

    public function multiply($a, $b) {
        return $a * $b;
    }
}

function dynamicInvoke($object, $methodName, $args) {
    try {
        $method = new ReflectionMethod($object, $methodName);
        return $method->invokeArgs($object, $args);
    } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
        echo "Method not found: " . $e->getMessage() . "\n";
    }
}

// Example usage
$calc = new Calculator();

// Dynamically invoke 'add' method
$result1 = dynamicInvoke($calc, 'add', [2, 3]);
echo "Addition Result: " . $result1 . "\n";  // Outputs: 5

// Dynamically invoke 'multiply' method
$result2 = dynamicInvoke($calc, 'multiply', [3, 4]);
echo "Multiplication Result: " . $result2 . "\n";  // Outputs: 12

// Attempt to invoke a non-existent method
dynamicInvoke($calc, 'subtract', [5, 2]);

Addition Result: 5
Multiplication Result: 12
Method not found: Method Calculator::subtract() does not exist