当从父表中删除该行时，如果子表中使用了该行的数据，那么MySQL将因FOREIGN KEY约束失败而抛出错误。可以用“customer”和“orders”两个表的例子来理解。这里，“customer”是父表，“orders”是子表。我们无法从“customer”表中删除子表“orders”中使用的行。可以通过从父表中删除值来演示，如下所示 -
mysql> Select * from Customer; +----+--------+ | id | name | +----+--------+ | 1 | Gaurav | | 2 | Raman | | 3 | Harshit| | 4 | Aarav | +----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Select * from orders; +----------+----------+------+ | order_id | product | id | +----------+----------+------+ | 100 | Notebook | 1 | | 110 | Pen | 1 | | 120 | Book | 2 | | 130 | Charts | 2 | +----------+----------+------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
现在，假设我们尝试从父表“customer”中删除 id = 1 或 id = 2 的行（因为子表中使用了这两个行），那么 MySQL 会抛出如下错误，因为外键约束失败。
mysql> Delete from customer where id = 1; ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`query`.`orders`, CONSTRAINT `orders_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`id`)REFERENCES `customer` (`id`)) mysql> Delete from customer where id = 2; ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`query`.`orders`, CONSTRAINT `orders_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`id`)REFERENCES `customer` (`id`))
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