如何在PHP表单中使用验证码来防止自动化攻击？

<?php
// 生成随机验证码
function generateCaptcha() {
    $captcha = rand(1000, 9999); // 生成一个4位数的随机验证码
    $_SESSION['captcha'] = $captcha; // 将验证码保存在Session中
    return $captcha;
}

// 输出验证码到页面
function outputCaptcha() {
    $captcha = generateCaptcha();
    echo '<img src="captcha.php" alt="验证码">';
}

// 验证表单提交的验证码是否正确
function validateCaptcha($captcha) {
    if (isset($_SESSION['captcha']) && $_SESSION['captcha'] == $captcha) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}
?>

<form method="POST" action="submit.php">
    <label for="name">姓名：</label>
    <input type="text" id="name" name="name" required>

    <label for="email">邮箱：</label>
    <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required>

    <label for="captcha">验证码：</label>
    <input type="number" id="captcha" name="captcha" required>

    <?php outputCaptcha(); ?>

    <button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>

<?php
session_start();

header('Content-Type: image/png');

$captcha = $_SESSION['captcha'];

$im = imagecreatetruecolor(100, 30);
$bgColor = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255);
$textColor = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0);

imagefill($im , 0 , 0 , $bgColor);
imagestring($im, 5, 10, 10, $captcha, $textColor);

imagepng($im);
imagedestroy($im);
?>

<?php
session_start();
$captcha = $_POST['captcha'];

if (validateCaptcha($captcha)) {
    // 验证码正确，继续处理表单数据
    echo '验证码正确！';
    // 处理表单数据的逻辑 ...
} else {
    // 验证码错误，返回错误提示
    echo '验证码错误！';
}
?>