如何用PHP实现协同过滤与推荐系统

$ratings = [
    'user1' => ['item1' => 4, 'item2' => 3, 'item3' => 5],
    'user2' => ['item1' => 5, 'item2' => 1, 'item3' => 2],
    'user3' => ['item1' => 2, 'item2' => 4, 'item3' => 1],
];

function pearson_similarity($ratings, $user1, $user2) {
    $common_items = array_intersect(array_keys($ratings[$user1]), array_keys($ratings[$user2]));
    
    $n = count($common_items);

    $sum1 = $sum2 = $sum1_sq = $sum2_sq = $p_sum = 0;
    
    foreach ($common_items as $item) {
        $rating1 = $ratings[$user1][$item];
        $rating2 = $ratings[$user2][$item];

        $sum1 += $rating1;
        $sum2 += $rating2;

        $sum1_sq += pow($rating1, 2);
        $sum2_sq += pow($rating2, 2);
        
        $p_sum += $rating1 * $rating2;
    }

    $num = $p_sum - ($sum1 * $sum2 / $n);
    $den = sqrt(($sum1_sq - pow($sum1, 2) / $n) * ($sum2_sq - pow($sum2, 2) / $n));

    if ($den == 0) return 0;
    return $num / $den;
}

function user_based_recommendation($ratings, $user, $n = 5) {
    $similarity = array();
    $weighted_sum = array();
    $similarity_sum = array();

    foreach ($ratings as $other_user => $items) {
        if ($other_user == $user) continue;

        $sim = pearson_similarity($ratings, $user, $other_user);
        if ($sim <= 0) continue;

        foreach ($items as $item => $rating) {
            if (!isset($ratings[$user][$item]) || $ratings[$user][$item] == 0) {
                $weighted_sum[$item] += $rating * $sim;
                $similarity_sum[$item] += $sim;
            }
        }
    }

    $rankings = array();
    foreach ($weighted_sum as $item => $weighted_rating) {
        if ($similarity_sum[$item] > 0) {
            $rankings[$item] = $weighted_rating / $similarity_sum[$item];
        }
    }

    arsort($rankings);
    return array_slice($rankings, 0, $n, true);
}

$recommendations = user_based_recommendation($ratings, 'user1', 3);

foreach ($recommendations as $item => $rating) {
    echo "推荐物品：$item, 评分：$rating
";
}