之前我们已经学习了 Events 和 Listeners ，这次我们来学习 Jobs。
运行命令行 php artisan make:job CompileReports 创建一个Job类，Job类的结构简单，一般来说只会包含一个让队列用来调用此任务的 handle 方法，具体代码如下：
class CompileReports extends Job implements SelfHandling{ /** * Create a new job instance. * * @return void */ public function __construct() { // } /** * Execute the job. * * @return void */ public function handle() { // }} 可以通过 php artisan help make:job 观察相关参数，执行 php artisan make:job CompileReports --queued ,对比发现和之前类区别为多实现了 ShouldQueue 接口，这意味着可以按队列顺序执行。
默认路由 routes.php 中增加：
Route::get('reports', 'ReportsController@index'); 通过执行命令行 php artisan make:controller ReportsController --plain ，创建 ReportsController 控制器，增加测试方法:
class ReportsController extends Controller{ // public function index() { $job = new CompileReports(); $this->dispatch($job); return 'Done'; } }
ReportsController 控制器的 Controller 父类中，默认已经 use DispatchesJobs ,定义好了 dispatch($job) 方法，用来调度任务。这时我们访问页面效果如下图：
改写 CompileReports.php 代码，构造函数中接受 $reportId 参数：
class CompileReportsextends Jobimplements SelfHandling, ShouldQueue{ protected $reportId; /** * Create a new job instance. * * @return void */ public function __construct($reportId) { // $this->reportId = $reportId; } /** * Execute the job. * * @return void */ public function handle() { // var_dump('Compiling the reports with the id '. $this->reportId .' within the Job class.'); }} ReportsController 控制器中接受请求中参数，转发给Job处理：
class ReportsController extends Controller{ public function index(Request $request) { $job = new CompileReports($request->input('reportId')); $this->dispatch($job); return 'Done'; }}
访问页面效果如下：
ReportsController 中改为调用 dispatchFrom 方法：
class ReportsController extends Controller{ // public function index(Request $request) { //$job = new CompileReports($request->input('reportId')); // $this->dispatchFrom(CompileReports::class, $request); $this->dispatchFrom('App\Jobs\CompileReports', $request); return 'Done'; } } 其中 DispatchesJobs 中定义了 dispatch 及 dispatchFrom，如下：
trait DispatchesJobs{ /** * Dispatch a job to its appropriate handler. * * @param mixed $job * @return mixed */ protected function dispatch($job) { return app('Illuminate\Contracts\Bus\Dispatcher')->dispatch($job); } /** * Marshal a job and dispatch it to its appropriate handler. * * @param mixed $job * @param array $array * @return mixed */ protected function dispatchFromArray($job, array $array) { return app('Illuminate\Contracts\Bus\Dispatcher')->dispatchFromArray($job, $array); } /** * Marshal a job and dispatch it to its appropriate handler. * 整理参数列表，传递给job * @param mixed $job * @param \ArrayAccess $source * @param array $extras * @return mixed */ protected function dispatchFrom($job, ArrayAccess $source, $extras = []) { return app('Illuminate\Contracts\Bus\Dispatcher')->dispatchFrom($job, $source, $extras); }} CompileReports 类中改写传入参数：
class CompileReportsextends Jobimplements SelfHandling, ShouldQueue{ protected $reportId; protected $type; /** * Create a new job instance. * * @return void */ public function __construct($reportId, $type) { // $this->reportId = $reportId; $this->type = $type; } /** * Execute the job. * * @return void */ public function handle() { // var_dump('Compiling the '. $this->type .' reports with the id '. $this->reportId .' within the Job class.'); }}
访问效果如下图：
在 Job 中添加 DispatchesJobs 引用后，可继续分派Job：
/*** Execute the job.** @return void*/public function handle(){ // var_dump('Compiling the '. $this->type .' reports with the id '. $this->reportId .' within the Job class.'); var_dump(sprintf('Compiling the %s report with the id %s within the Job class', $this->type, $this->reportId)); // 增加 DispatchesJobs 引用后，可继续分派 job if(true) { $this->dispatch(new DoSomethingElse); }}
访问效果如下图：
