如何在YII中实施搜索和过滤？

答案：Yii2中实现搜索和过滤需创建搜索模型、使用ActiveDataProvider与GridView。首先为Product创建ProductSearch类，定义规则并实现search方法，通过load和validate处理参数，用andFilterWhere添加条件；控制器中实例化搜索模型并传入请求参数；视图中结合ActiveForm构建搜索表单，GridView展示数据并设置filterModel；支持日期范围、关联查询等高级功能，确保数据库索引优化性能。

To implement search and filtering in Yii (specifically Yii2), you typically use the Search Model pattern with ActiveDataProvider and GridView (for web interface). This approach is commonly used in CRUD operations. Below are the key steps and best practices.

Create a Search Model

Example: models/ProductSearch.php

class ProductSearch extends Product
{
    public function rules()
    {
        return [
            [['id', 'status'], 'integer'],
            [['name', 'sku'], 'safe'],
        ];
    }

    public function search($params)
    {
        $query = Product::find();

        // Add conditions here based on filters
        $dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
            'query' => $query,
            'pagination' => ['pageSize' => 10],
        ]);

        // Load parameters and validate
        if (!($this->load($params) && $this->validate())) {
            return $dataProvider;
        }

        // Apply filter conditions
        $query->andFilterWhere([
            'id' => $this->id,
            'status' => $this->status,
        ]);

        $query->andFilterWhere(['like', 'name', $this->name])
              ->andFilterWhere(['like', 'sku', $this->sku]);

        return $dataProvider;
    }
}

Use the Search Model in Controller

Example: controllers/ProductController.php

public function actionIndex()
{
    $searchModel = new ProductSearch();
    $dataProvider = $searchModel->search(Yii::$app->request->queryParams);

    return $this->render('index', [
        'searchModel' => $searchModel,
        'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    ]);
}

Display in View with GridView

Example: views/product/index.php

<?= Html::beginForm(['product/index'], 'get') ?>
    <?= Html::input('text', 'ProductSearch[name]', Yii::$app->request->get('ProductSearch')['name'] ?? '', ['placeholder' => 'Search by name']) ?>
    <?= Html::dropDownList('ProductSearch[status]', Yii::$app->request->get('ProductSearch')['status'] ?? '', ['1' => 'Active', '0' => 'Inactive'], ['prompt' => 'All Statuses']) ?>
    <?= Html::submitButton('Filter', ['class' => 'btn btn-primary']) ?>
<?= Html::endForm() ?>

<?= GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'filterModel' => $searchModel,
    'columns' => [
        'id',
        'name',
        'sku',
        [
            'attribute' => 'status',
            'value' => function ($model) {
                return $model->status ? 'Active' : 'Inactive';
            },
            'filter' => ['1' => 'Active', '0' => 'Inactive'],
        ],
    ],
]) ?>

Advanced Filtering Tips

• Date Range: Use two fields (date_from, date_to) in the search model and apply BETWEEN in query.
• Relation-based Filters: Join related tables (e.g., category name) and filter accordingly using innerJoinWith.
• Custom Attributes: Add virtual attributes in the search model for complex conditions.
• Performance: Ensure proper database indexing on filtered columns.

Basically, Yii2’s built-in components make search and filtering clean and scalable. Just follow the pattern: search model data provider GridView/form handling.

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