如何在yii中使用数据提供商和数据小部件

使用ActiveDataProvider处理ActiveRecord数据，通过配置query、pagination和sort实现数据管理；2. 将数据提供者传递给视图，并结合GridView实现表格展示，自动支持分页、排序和操作列；3. 使用ListView配合自定义布局（如卡片）时，通过itemView指定单项模板，利用options和itemOptions控制结构样式；4. 在列配置中使用闭包或格式化器（如datetime）处理字段显示；5. 始终在控制器中创建数据提供者并传入视图，由数据小部件完成渲染，实现高效、可维护的数据展示。

In Yii 2, data providers and data widgets work together to display data efficiently in your views. They help you manage, filter, paginate, and render large datasets without writing boilerplate code. Here's how to use them effectively.

What Are Data Providers?

Data providers are classes that supply data to widgets like grids or lists. They handle tasks like sorting, pagination, and filtering. Yii 2 offers several built-in data providers:

• ActiveDataProvider – for working with ActiveRecord models.
• ArrayDataProvider – for plain PHP arrays.
• SqlDataProvider – for raw SQL queries.

Using ActiveDataProvider (Most Common)

Suppose you have a Post model and want to display posts in a grid.

use yii\data\ActiveDataProvider;

$dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
    'query' => \app\models\Post::find(),
    'pagination' => [
        'pageSize' => 10,
    ],
    'sort' => [
        'defaultOrder' => [
            'created_at' => SORT_DESC,
        ]
    ],
]);

Now pass $dataProvider to your view.

What Are Data Widgets?

Data widgets render data provided by a data provider. The most commonly used ones are:

• GridView – displays data in a table with sorting and pagination.
• ListView – renders data using customizable item views.
• DetailView – shows a single model’s data in a key-value format.

Using GridView with Data Provider

In your view file (e.g., index.php):

use yii\grid\GridView;

echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'columns' => [
        'id',
        'title',
        'author.name', // relation
        [
            'attribute' => 'status',
            'value' => function ($model) {
                return $model->status == 1 ? 'Published' : 'Draft';
            }
        ],
        'created_at:datetime',
        ['class' => 'yii\grid\ActionColumn'],
    ],
]);

This automatically includes:

• Pagination (based on data provider settings)
• Sorting on clickable column headers
• Action buttons (view/update/delete)

Using ListView for Custom Layouts

If you want more control over layout (e.g., blog posts in cards):

use yii\widgets\ListView;

echo ListView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'itemView' => '_post', // a partial view file for each item
    'layout' => "{items}\n{pager}",
    'itemOptions' => [
        'tag' => 'div',
        'class' => 'col-md-6 col-lg-4 mb-4'
    ],
    'options' => [
        'tag' => 'div',
        'class' => 'row'
    ],
]);

Create _post.php in the same view directory:

<div class="card">
    <div class="card-body">
        <h5 class="card-title"><?= $model->title ?></h5>
        <p class="card-text"><?= Yii::$app->formatter->asSummary($model->content) ?></p>
        <small>By <?= $model->author->name ?></small>
    </div>
</div>

This gives you a responsive, card-based layout powered by the same data provider.

Key Tips

• Always use data providers when displaying lists – they handle performance aspects like LIMIT/OFFSET automatically.
• Use ActionColumn in GridView to quickly add view/update/delete links.
• Customize columns with closures or widgets:

[
    'label' => 'Category',
    'value' => function ($model) {
        return $model->category ? $model->category->name : 'Uncategorized';
    }
]

• Format dates, numbers, and other fields using Yii’s Formatter (e.g., 'created_at:datetime').

Summary

• Data providers prepare and manage your data.
• Data widgets render it in a user-friendly way.
• Combine ActiveDataProvider GridView for admin grids.
• Use ListView when you need flexible layouts.
• Leverage sorting, pagination, and formatting features built into Yii.

Basically, set up the provider in the controller, pass it to the view, and plug it into a widget. The rest is handled for you.

以上是如何在yii中使用数据提供商和数据小部件的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章！