您如何使用HTML5语义元素正确构建文档？-H5教程-PHP中文网

Use the Right Structural Elements

Understand the Purpose of Key Semantic Tags

Avoid Common Mistakes

Nesting and Document Outline

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您如何使用HTML5语义元素正确构建文档？

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Aug 03, 2025 am 12:01 AM

使用HTML5语义化标签能提升可访问性、SEO和代码可读性；2. 正确使用<header>、<nav>、<main>、<article>、<section>、<aside>和<footer>等标签定义页面结构；3. 避免滥用<div>和<section>，确保<main>唯一性，<article>用于独立内容，<aside>用于相关辅助内容；4. 标题应遵循<h1>到<h6>的逻辑层级，通常每页一个<h1>，并用<section>或<article>包裹主题相关内容；5. 语义化结构应像文档大纲一样清晰、有序且具有层次性，从而帮助浏览器和开发者准确理解页面内容。

How do you properly structure a document with HTML5 semantic elements?

Properly structuring a document with HTML5 semantic elements means using tags that clearly describe their meaning to both the browser and the developer. Instead of relying solely on generic divs, semantic elements improve accessibility, SEO, and code readability. Here’s how to structure a typical web page correctly.

Use the Right Structural Elements

Start with the basic HTML5 document structure and layer in semantic tags that define the purpose of each section:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Page Title</title>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
</head>
<body>
  <header>
    <h1>Website Title</h1>
    <nav>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
        <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
        <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
      </ul>
    </nav>
  </header>

  <main>
    <article>
      <h2>Article Title</h2>
      <p>This is a self-contained piece of content, like a blog post or news article.</p>
    </article>

    <aside>
      <p>Related content, ads, or side notes go here.</p>
    </aside>
  </main>

  <section>
    <h2>Additional Content Section</h2>
    <p>This could be a grouping of related content, like features or testimonials.</p>
  </section>

  <footer>
    <p>&copy; 2024 Your Company. All rights reserved.</p>
  </footer>
</body>
</html>

Understand the Purpose of Key Semantic Tags

Each semantic element has a specific role. Using them correctly helps screen readers and search engines interpret your content.

<header>: Contains introductory content or navigation links. Typically includes the site logo, title, and main navigation.
<nav>: Defines a block of navigation links. Use it for primary menus, but not for every group of links.
<main>: Wraps the main content of the page. There should be only one <main> per page.
<article>: Represents a self-contained composition, such as a blog post, comment, or news story.
<section>: Groups thematically related content, usually with a heading. Think of it as a chapter in a book.
<aside>: Contains content tangentially related to the surrounding content, like sidebars or pull quotes.
<footer>: Contains information about its section, such as author, copyright, or related links.

Avoid Common Mistakes

Even with semantic elements, it’s easy to misuse them. Watch out for these pitfalls:

Don’t use <section> or <div> when <article> fits better — if the content makes sense on its own (like in an RSS feed), use <article>.
Don’t overuse <div> — replace generic containers with semantic alternatives when possible.
Don’t put multiple <main> elements on one page — it should be unique.
Don’t use <header> or <footer> only for styling — they carry structural meaning.
Avoid using <aside> for content unrelated to the context — it should still have some relevance.

Also, remember that headings (<h1> to <h6>) should reflect the document outline. Use them in a logical order, even if CSS handles visual sizing.

Nesting and Document Outline

While HTML5 introduced a more sophisticated document outline algorithm based on sections and headings, most browsers and assistive technologies still rely heavily on heading levels. So, it's safest to:

Use one <h1> per page (usually in <main> or <article>)
Maintain a logical hierarchy: <h1> → <h2> → <h3>, etc.
Wrap related headings and content in <section> or <article> to reinforce structure

For example:

<main>
  <article>
    <h1>How to Structure HTML5 Documents</h1>
    <section>
      <h2>Understanding Semantic Elements</h2>
      <p>Explanation goes here.</p>
    </section>
    <section>
      <h2>Best Practices</h2>
      <p>Tips and guidelines.</p>
    </section>
  </article>
</main>

Basically, structure your HTML like an outline: clear, meaningful, and hierarchical. Semantic elements make that easier — when used correctly.

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