如何在YII视图中使用小部件？

在 Yii 中，使用小部件（widgets）通过封装复杂视图逻辑实现组件复用。1. 使用 widget() 方法调用内置小部件，例如 LinkPager 用于分页，ActiveForm 用于创建模型绑定表单；2. 常见小部件包括 GridView 显示表格数据、DetailView 展示模型详情、Menu 构建导航菜单；3. 可通过继承 yii\base\Widget 创建自定义小部件，实现 run() 方法并定义属性以增强复用性，如 HelloWidget 示例所示。掌握这些核心方法可提升视图开发效率。

In Yii, widgets are reusable components that help you encapsulate complex view logic into self-contained units. Using them in views is straightforward once you understand the basic structure and how to call them.

Basic Widget Usage

Widgets in Yii are typically called using the widget() method inside a view file. The general syntax looks like this:

<?= \yii\widgets\WidgetName::widget([
    'option1' => 'value1',
    'option2' => 'value2',
]) ?>

Each widget has its own set of configuration options. For example, if you're using the built-in LinkPager widget for pagination, it might look like:

<?= \yii\widgets\LinkPager::widget([
    'pagination' => $pagination,
]) ?>

Make sure to pass the correct parameters — in this case, a Pagination object prepared in your controller.

Commonly Used Widgets and What They Do

Yii comes with several useful widgets out of the box. Here are a few commonly used ones and their purposes:

• ActiveForm: Helps build forms tied to models.
• GridView: Displays tabular data with sorting, filtering, and pagination.
• DetailView: Shows details of a single model record.
• Menu: Renders multi-level navigation menus.
• LinkPager / Pagination: Handles page navigation for paginated content.

For example, using ActiveForm to create a login form:

<?php $form = \yii\widgets\ActiveForm::begin(); ?>

<?= $form->field($model, 'username') ?>
<?= $form->field($model, 'password')->passwordInput() ?>

<button type="submit">Login</button>

<?php \yii\widgets\ActiveForm::end(); ?>

This automatically handles form submission, model binding, and error display based on validation rules.

Creating Your Own Widget (Optional but Useful)

If you find yourself repeating certain UI elements or logic across multiple views, consider creating a custom widget.

Here’s a quick outline of what to do:

• Create a new class extending yii\base\Widget.
• Override the run() method to return the HTML/output.
• Optionally, add configurable properties via public variables or constructor/configurable options.

Example:

namespace app\widgets;

use yii\base\Widget;

class HelloWidget extends Widget
{
    public $message = 'Hello there';

    public function run()
    {
        return "<div class=\"hello\">{$this->message}</div>";
    }
}

Then in your view:

<?= \app\widgets\HelloWidget::widget(['message' => 'Welcome back!']) ?>

It’s a clean way to reuse components without duplicating code.

That’s the core of working with widgets in Yii views. You don’t always need to build your own — using built-in widgets effectively can save a lot of time. But knowing how to create one gives you more flexibility when needed.

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