如何在Windows 11 PC上修复EFI引导加载程序？

若Windows 11无法启动并提示“Bootmgr is missing”或“EFI boot partition not found”，问题可能是EFI引导程序损坏，可通过以下步骤修复：1. 使用Windows 11安装U盘进入恢复环境；2. 打开命令提示符依次运行bootrec /fixmbr、bootrec /fixboot、bootrec /rebuildbcd命令重建BCD；3. 若EFI分区损坏，使用diskpart分配驱动器字母并检查EFI\Microsoft\Boot文件夹是否存在；4. 可尝试使用自动修复工具Startup Repair。整个过程需注意正确选择磁盘和分区，避免误操作导致进一步问题。

If your Windows 11 PC won’t boot and you’re seeing errors like “Bootmgr is missing” or “EFI boot partition not found,” the issue might be a corrupted EFI bootloader. Fixing it isn’t too complicated if you have access to a working recovery environment.

What You’ll Need Before Starting

Before jumping into repairs, make sure you have:

• A Windows 11 installation USB or recovery drive (optional but helpful)
• Access to the command prompt via Safe Mode or recovery environment
• Basic knowledge of disk partitions (don’t worry, we’ll guide you through what’s needed)

Also, this method assumes your system uses UEFI firmware — which most modern PCs do. If you're not sure, check your motherboard or laptop specs online.

Rebuild the BCD Using Command Prompt

One of the most common fixes for a broken EFI bootloader is rebuilding the Boot Configuration Data (BCD). Here’s how:

1. Boot into Recovery Environment:

   • Restart your PC and keep trying to boot (you may see a black screen or error message).
   • If that doesn’t work, use a Windows 11 installation USB: plug it in, boot from it, and click "Repair your computer" at the bottom-left corner.

2. Open Command Prompt:

   • Go to Troubleshoot > Advanced Options > Command Prompt.

3. Run these commands one by one:

   bootrec /fixmbr
   bootrec /fixboot
   bootrec /rebuildbcd

   These will repair the master boot record, fix the boot sector, and rebuild the BCD store respectively.

Note: If bootrec /rebuildbcd doesn’t find any Windows installations, you might need to assign drive letters manually or check for hidden system partitions.

Check and Repair the EFI System Partition

Sometimes the EFI partition itself gets damaged or misconfigured. This is where the bootloader files live, so it needs to be intact.

1. In the same Command Prompt window, run:

   diskpart
   list disk
   select disk X (replace X with your main disk number)
   list partition

   Look for a small partition labeled “System” — usually around 100MB or 500MB. That's your EFI partition.

2. Assign a drive letter to it:

   select partition Y (replace Y with the correct partition number)
   assign letter=S
   exit

Now you can access the EFI partition as drive S: (or whatever letter you chose). Navigate to it and check if the folder EFI\Microsoft\Boot exists. If not, you may need to copy those files from another Windows system or reinstall the bootloader using bootrec.

Use Automatic Repair (Optional)

If you're not comfortable with the command line, try the built-in Automatic Repair tool:

• From the recovery environment, go to Troubleshoot > Advanced Options > Startup Repair.
• It might automatically detect and fix bootloader issues.

This doesn't always work, especially if the system files are severely damaged, but it’s worth a try.

That’s the basic process. Most EFI bootloader problems on Windows 11 can be resolved with a few command-line tools and a bit of patience. Just remember to double-check your disk and partition selections — a typo could cause confusion or unintended results.基本上就这些。

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