如何在Fedora，Rhel，Almalinux，Rocky Linux启用RPM融合存储库

In this brief guide, we will explore what the RPM Fusion repository is, understand why we should install RPM Fusion Repository, and finally learn how to enable the RPM Fusion repository in Fedora, RHEL, and its clones such as CentOS, AlmaLinux, and Rocky Linux distributions.

Table of Contents

What is RPM Fusion Repository?

Fedora project strictly adheres the Fedora licensing policies. It excludes some packages from the official repositories for the following reasons:

• If a package is propriety, it can't be included in Fedora;
• If a package is closed-source, it can't be included in Fedora;
• If a package is legally encumbered, it cannot be included in Fedora;
• If package violates United States laws (specifically, Federal or applicable state laws), it cannot be included in Fedora.

Any package that fails to meet the aforementioned policies will not be included in the official repositories of Fedora and RHEL. This is why some third party repositories, which have liberal licensing policies, are created. One such repository is RPM Fusion.

RPM Fusion is a community-maintained, third-party software repository that provides packages that the Fedora project and Red Hat can't ship due to legal and various other reasons as stated earlier.

The RPM Fusion repository is a must have to install the necessary multimedia codecs, proprietary software and drivers in Fedora, RHEL and its clones like CentOS, AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux etc.

RPM Fusion Free and Non-free Repositories

RPM Fusion has two repositories namely "free" and "nonfree". The free repository contains the packages that are Open Source as defined by Fedora licensing guidelines. The nonfree repository contains redistributable packages that are not Open Source and packages that are not free for commercial purpose.

You can add both repos and use them simultaneously on your personal system. There won't be any conflicts between the packages in the free and nonfree repos. If you're interested in running only free packages, just add the free repo and install the nonfree repo later.

1. Enable RPM Fusion Repository in Fedora Linux 39 / 38

To enable both the free and the nonfree RPM Fusion repositories on your Fedora system, run:

Sample output:

Like I already mentioned, you can install only the free repo like below:

To enable only the non-free RPM Fusion repository, do:

On Fedora Silverblue:

To add and enable free and nonfree RPM Fusion repositories on a Fedora Silverblue machine, run:

Well, RPM Fusion repository is installed and enabled. Let us go ahead and see if RPM Fusion is enabled or not.

1.1. List Repositories in Fedora

To find the list of installed repositories in Fedora, run:

Sample output:

If you want to list only the enabled repositories, the command would be:

The first time you attempt to install packages from the RPM Fusion repositories, the dnf utility prompts you to confirm the signature of the repositories. Type y and hit ENTER to confirm it.

2. Enable RPM Fusion Repository in RHEL 8, CentOS 8, AlmaLinux 8, Rocky Linux 8

In RHEL and its clones like CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux etc., you must enable [EPEL] repository before enabling RPM Fusion repository.

To install EPEL repository in Red Hat Enterprise Linux system, run:

After enabling the EPEL repository, run the following command to enable RPM Fusion repository in RHEL and its compatible clones CentOS, AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux:

Sample output:

If you are using CentOS Steam 8, you need to enable [PowerTools] repository as well.

CentOS 8 (older version) used a case sensitive name for the PowerTools repository:

On RHEL 8, you should enable subscription:

In RHEL 7 and its compatible clones like CentOS 7, run the following command to enable EPEL and RPM Fusion repositories:

2.1. List Installed Repositories in RHEL-based Systems

You can view the list of the installed repositories at any time using the following commands:

Or,

Sample output:

3. Install Tainted RPM Fusion Repositories

RPM Fusion provides two additional repositories namely Free Tainted and Nonfree Tainted.

Before tainted repositories were created, the redistributable status of software was only analyzed for copyright compliance, not for reverse engineering rights. Tainted repositories were added to address this gap.

Let's explore what they are and also learn how to enable them.

3.1. Enable Free Tainted Repository

The Free Tainted repository in RPM Fusion contains software that is under a free license but may have usage restrictions in certain countries. This is primarily due to legal or patent issues related to the software's functionality.

A notable example is libdvdcss, a library used for playing DVDs, which might be subject to legal restrictions in some jurisdictions.

Users can enable this repository by installing the rpmfusion-free-release-tainted package.

This process integrates the Free Tainted repository into the system's package manager, allowing for easy installation and updates of its software.

3.2. Enable Nonfree Tainted Repository

The Nonfree Tainted repository includes software that is not freely licensed (nonfree) and is not explicitly redistributable. Despite this, it is allowed for interoperability purposes in some countries. This includes firmware and drivers necessary for the operation of certain hardware components.

Examples:

• b43-firmware: Firmware for Broadcom wireless network chips.
• nouveau-firmware: Firmware for certain NVIDIA graphics cards.
• dvb-firmware: Firmware for Digital Video Broadcasting hardware.

Similar to the Free Tainted repository, the Nonfree Tainted repository can be enabled by installing the rpmfusion-nonfree-release-tainted package.

Both these repositories extend the range of available software in Fedora and RHEL systems, particularly for users who need access to software that falls outside the scope of standard free and open-source software due to licensing or legal reasons. However, users should be aware of the legal implications of using such software in their respective countries.

4. Disable RPM Fusion Repositories

If you don't want RPM Fusion repositories anymore, you can disable RPM Fusion repository using yum-config-manager as shown below.

To disable both free and non-free RPM Fusion repositories, run:

To enable free and non-free repositories, run:

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are a few FAQs about RPM Fusion repositories.

A: RPM Fusion is a software repository that provides additional packages for Fedora, RHEL, and their clones like CentOS, AlmaLinux, and Rocky Linux. These packages are not available in the default repositories due to various reasons, such as licensing issues or policy restrictions.

A: RPM Fusion offers access to a wider range of software, including multimedia applications, drivers, and software that might not be included in the default repositories.

A: RPM Fusion is generally considered safe and reliable. However, as with any third-party repository, there's always a slight risk. The RPM Fusion team works to ensure the safety and compatibility of packages, but it's always a good idea to exercise caution when installing third-party software.

A: You can enable RPM Fusion by downloading and installing the repository configuration packages from the RPM Fusion website. Instructions are provided for Fedora, RHEL, and their respective clones in this tutorial itself. It involves executing a few commands in the terminal.

A: Yes, RPM Fusion is available for both Fedora and RHEL, as well as for RHEL clones like CentOS, AlmaLinux, and Rocky Linux. Each distribution has specific instructions for enabling the repository.

RPM Fusion has two main repositories: Free and Nonfree. The Free repository contains open-source software, while the Nonfree repository includes software that is proprietary or has certain restrictions on redistribution. It also provides two more repositories namely Free Tainted and Nonfree Tainted.

A: Free Tainted: Contains software under a free license but with usage restrictions in some countries, like 'libdvdcss'. You can enable it by installing the rpmfusion-free-release-tainted package.Nonfree Tainted: Includes nonfree software, essential for interoperability but with distribution limitations. Examples are b43-firmware and nouveau-firmware. Enabled by the rpmfusion-nonfree-release-tainted package.

A: RPM Fusion hosts a variety of packages, including multimedia players and codecs, graphics drivers, and software that may not meet the licensing criteria of the official Fedora or RHEL repositories.

A: RPM Fusion is regularly updated by its maintainers. The frequency of updates may vary, but it generally aligns with updates in Fedora and RHEL to ensure compatibility.

A: While there is no official support for RPM Fusion, community forums and resources are available where users can seek help and share information.

A: Yes, RPM Fusion welcomes contributions from the community. This can include packaging software, testing, and providing feedback or documentation. Details on how to contribute are available on the RPM Fusion website.

Conclusion

That's it. You know now how to enable RPM Fusion repository RPM-based systems such as Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, AlmaLinux, and Rocky Linux.

Enabling RPM Fusion in a newly installed system is mandatory as it provides a lots of unofficial packages that are not included in the official repositories.

Resource:

• RPM Fusion Configuration

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