如何在 Swing 应用程序中有效地实现后退和前进按钮？

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class CardNav extends JPanel {

    private CardLayout cardLayout;
    private JPanel cards;
    private JButton back, forward;

    public CardNav() {
        setLayout(new BorderLayout());

        // Create a CardLayout to hold the panels
        cardLayout = new CardLayout();
        cards = new JPanel(cardLayout);

        // Add panels to the CardLayout
        cards.add(new JPanel(), "Panel 1");
        cards.add(new JPanel(), "Panel 2");
        cards.add(new JPanel(), "Panel 3");

        // Add the CardLayout to the main panel
        add(cards, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        // Create back and forward buttons
        back = new JButton("Back");
        forward = new JButton("Forward");

        // Add button functionality
        back.addActionListener(e -> cardLayout.previous(cards));
        forward.addActionListener(e -> cardLayout.next(cards));

        // Add buttons to the panel
        JPanel navBar = new JPanel();
        navBar.add(back);
        navBar.add(forward);
        add(navBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new JFrame();
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.add(new CardNav(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
            frame.pack();
            frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}