虽然数组索引的典型形式是 array[index],但 C 和 C 提供了另一种语法:索引[数组]。这种语法让很多程序员感到困惑,但是根据语言规范它有效吗?
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3}; 2[arr] = 5; // Does this compile? assert(arr[2] == 5); // Does this assertion fail?
这个技巧问题依赖于以下的交换性质添加。操作index[array]被转换为*(index array),并且由于加法是可交换的,我们可以假设2[arr]和arr[2]是等价的。不过,语言规范中并没有明确说明这一点。
是的,根据 C 和 C 规范,代码是有效的。
C99 (6.5.2.1,段落1):
One of the expressions shall have type "pointer to object type", the other expression shall have integer type, and the result has type "type".
C99(6.5.2.1,第 2 段):
A postfix expression followed by an expression in square brackets [] is a subscripted designation of an element of an array object. The definition of the subscript operator [] is that E1[E2] is identical to (*((E1)+(E2))). Because of the conversion rules that apply to the binary + operator, if E1 is an array object (equivalently, a pointer to the initial element of an array object) and E2 is an integer, E1[E2] designates the E2-th element of E1 (counting from zero).
这些规范不要求参数的顺序使[]保持理智。因此,代码中的两行都按预期编译和执行,并且断言通过。
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