如何在 Java 中使用 3DES 安全地加密和解密数据，以及需要避免哪些常见陷阱？

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class TripleDESTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        String text = "kyle boon";

        byte[] codedtext = new TripleDESTest().encrypt(text);
        String decodedtext = new TripleDESTest().decrypt(codedtext);

        System.out.println(codedtext); // Encrypted result in byte array
        System.out.println(decodedtext); // Decrypted and readable string
    }

    public byte[] encrypt(String message) throws Exception {
        byte[] md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest("HG58YZ3CR9".getBytes("utf-8"));
        byte[] keyBytes = Arrays.copyOf(md5, 24);
        for (int j = 0, k = 16; j < 8;) {
            keyBytes[k++] = keyBytes[j++];
        }

        SecretKey key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "DESede");
        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[8]);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, iv);

        return cipher.doFinal(message.getBytes("utf-8"));
    }

    public String decrypt(byte[] message) throws Exception {
        byte[] md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest("HG58YZ3CR9".getBytes("utf-8"));
        byte[] keyBytes = Arrays.copyOf(md5, 24);
        for (int j = 0, k = 16; j < 8;) {
            keyBytes[k++] = keyBytes[j++];
        }

        SecretKey key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "DESede");
        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[8]);
        Cipher decipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        decipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, iv);

        return new String(decipher.doFinal(message), "UTF-8");
    }
}