C 流输入/输出 (IO) 操作通常使用 iostream 库执行。虽然该库为大多数 IO 任务提供了坚实的基础,但在某些情况下您可能需要实现自定义输入流来处理非标准格式的数据。
自定义输入流是通过扩展 std::streambuf 类并重写其虚拟方法来定义的,例如用于读取的 underflow() 以及用于写入的 Overflow() 和sync()。通过重写这些函数,您可以控制流与底层数据源或目标交互的方式。
让我们考虑一个实现自定义输入流的具体示例用于解码使用垂直 XOR 编码压缩的图像。
<code class="cpp">class vxor_streambuf : public std::streambuf { public: // Constructor takes the original buffer and image width vxor_streambuf(std::streambuf *buffer, int width) : buffer(buffer), size(width / 2) { // Allocate memory for previous and current lines previous_line = new char[size]; memset(previous_line, 0, size); current_line = new char[size]; // Initialize streambuf member variables setg(0, 0, 0); setp(current_line, current_line + size); } // Destructor releases memory ~vxor_streambuf() { sync(); delete[] previous_line; delete[] current_line; } // Underflow() performs XOR decoding for reading std::streambuf::int_type underflow() { // Read line from original buffer streamsize read = buffer->sgetn(current_line, size); if (!read) return traits_type::eof(); // Perform vertical XOR decoding for (int i = 0; i < size; i += 1) { current_line[i] ^= previous_line[i]; previous_line[i] = current_line[i]; } // Update streambuf member variables setg(current_line, current_line, current_line + read); return traits_type::to_int_type(*gptr()); } // Overflow() performs XOR encoding for writing std::streambuf::int_type overflow(std::streambuf::int_type value) { int write = pptr() - pbase(); if (write) { // Perform vertical XOR encoding for (int i = 0; i < size; i += 1) { char tmp = current_line[i]; current_line[i] ^= previous_line[i]; previous_line[i] = tmp; } // Write line to original buffer streamsize written = buffer->sputn(current_line, write); if (written != write) return traits_type::eof(); } // Update streambuf member variables setp(current_line, current_line + size); if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(value, traits_type::eof())) sputc(value); return traits_type::not_eof(value); }; // Sync() flushes any pending data virtual int sync() { streambuf::int_type result = this->overflow(traits_type::eof()); buffer->pubsync(); return traits_type::eq_int_type(result, traits_type::eof()) ? -1 : 0; } private: streambuf *buffer; int size; char *previous_line; char *current_line; };</code>
<code class="cpp">ifstream infile("encoded_image.vxor"); vxor_istream in(infile, 288); // Create a new vxor_istream char data[144 * 128]; in.read(data, 144 * 128); // Read encoded data</code>
通过遵循这些指南并了解 Streambuf 操作的复杂性,您可以有效地实现自定义输入流标准 IO 操作无法满足的各种场景。
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