CakePHP 项目配置

本章我们将了解CakePHP中的环境变量、常规配置、数据库配置和邮件配置。

配置 CakePHP 默认自带一个配置文件，我们可以根据自己的需要进行修改。为此，有一个专用文件夹 “config”。 CakePHP 具有不同的配置选项。

让我们从了解 CakePHP 中的环境变量开始。

环境变量

环境变量使您的应用程序在不同环境下的工作变得容易。例如，在开发服务器、测试服务器、登台服务器和生产服务器环境上。对于所有这些环境，您可以使用 env() 函数 读取所需环境的配置并构建您的应用程序。

在您的 config 文件夹中，您将看到 config/.env.example。该文件包含将根据您的环境进行更改的所有变量。首先，您可以在 config 文件夹中创建一个文件，即 config/.env 并定义这些变量并使用它们。如果您需要任何其他变量，可以将其放入该文件中。

您可以使用 env() 函数读取环境变量，如下所示 -

示例

$debug = env('APP_DEBUG', false);

第一个是您想要的环境变量的名称，第二个值是默认值。如果没有找到环境变量的值，则使用默认值。

常规配置

下表描述了各种变量的作用以及它们如何影响您的 CakePHP 应用程序。

*/
   'Datasources' => [
      'default' => [
         'host' => 'localhost',
         'username' => 'my_app',
         'password' => 'secret',
         'database' => 'my_app',
         'url' => env('DATABASE_URL', null),
      ],
      /*
         * The test connection is used during the test suite.
      */
      'test' => [
         'host' => 'localhost',
         //'port' => 'non_standard_port_number',
         'username' => 'my_app',
         'password' => 'secret',
         'database' => 'test_myapp',
         //'schema' => 'myapp',
      ],
   ],

config/app.php

'Datasources' => [
   'default' => [
      'className' => Connection::class,
      'driver' => Mysql::class,
      'persistent' => false,
      'timezone' => 'UTC',
      //'encoding' => 'utf8mb4',
      'flags' => [],
      'cacheMetadata' => true,
      'log' => false,
      'quoteIdentifiers' => false,
      //'init' => ['SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0'],
   ],
]   

Let us understand each parameter in detail in config/app.php.

Email Configuration

Email can be configured in file config/app.php. It is not required to define email configuration in config/app.php. Email can be used without it. Just use the respective methods to set all configurations separately or load an array of configs. Configuration for Email defaults is created using config() and configTransport().

Email Configuration Transport

By defining transports separately from delivery profiles, you can easily re-use transport configuration across multiple profiles. You can specify multiple configurations for production, development and testing. Each transport needs a className. Valid options are as follows −

• Mail − Send using PHP mail function

• Smtp − Send using SMTP

• Debug − Do not send the email, just return the result

You can add custom transports (or override existing transports) by adding the appropriate file to src/Mailer/Transport. Transports should be named YourTransport.php, where 'Your' is the name of the transport.

Following is the example of Email configuration transport.

'EmailTransport' => [
   'default' => [
      'className' => 'Mail',
      // The following keys are used in SMTP transports
      'host' => 'localhost',
      'port' => 25,
      'timeout' => 30,
      'username' => 'user',
      'password' => 'secret',
      'client' => null,
      'tls' => null,
      'url' => env('EMAIL_TRANSPORT_DEFAULT_URL', null),
   ],
],

Email Delivery Profiles

Delivery profiles allow you to predefine various properties about email messages from your application, and give the settings a name. This saves duplication across your application and makes maintenance and development easier. Each profile accepts a number of keys.

Following is an example of Email delivery profiles.

'Email' => [
   'default' => [
   
      'transport' => 'default',
      'from' => 'you@localhost',
   ],
],