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Hibernate中ID生成策略

WBOY
发布: 2016-06-07 16:13:17
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四、ID生成策略 第一种:XML配置ID 通过为id元素增加generator子元素,该子元素拥有class属性。常用的class属性有: (1)increment:用于为long、short、或者int类型生成唯一标识。只有在没有其他进程往同一张表中插入数据的时候才能使用。在集群不要使用。(极

四、ID生成策略

第一种:XML配置ID

通过为元素增加子元素,该子元素拥有class属性。常用的class属性有:

(1)increment:用于为long、short、或者int类型生成唯一标识。只有在没有其他进程往同一张表中插入数据的时候才能使用。在集群不要使用。(极少使用)

 

(2)native:让数据库自动选择identity,sequence,或者其他。

 

(3)uuid:128位的UUID算法,产生String类型ID

 

(4)identity:对于DB2、MySQL、SQL Server、Sybase和HypersonicSQL的内置标识字段提供支持。返回的标识符是long、short或者int类型。

 

sequence:在Oracel,PostgreSQL,SAP,DB,Mckio中使用序列(sequence),而在Interbase中使用生成器(generator),返回的标识符是long、short或者是int类型。

 

小实验1:

(1)创建Student.java

package com.zgy.hibernate.model;



public class Student {

private String id;

private String name;

private int age;

private int score;

public int getScore() {

return score;

}

public void setScore(int score) {

this.score = score;

}

public String getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(String id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}





}
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(2)在Student.hbm.xml中,为配置其generator的class为uuid

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">



<hibernate-mapping package="com.zgy.hibernate.model">

<class name="Student" table="student">

<id name="id" column="id">

<generator class="uuid"></generator>

</id>

<property name="name" column="name"></property>

<property name="age" column="age"></property>

<property name="score" column="score"></property>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>


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(3)测试

package com.zgy.hibernate.model;



import static org.junit.Assert.*;



import java.util.Date;



import org.hibernate.Session;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;

import org.junit.AfterClass;

import org.junit.BeforeClass;

import org.junit.Test;



public class HibernateIDTest {



public static SessionFactory sf = null;

@BeforeClass

public static void beforeClass(){

sf = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();

}

@Test

public void testStudent() {

Student s = new Student();

s.setName("张三");

s.setAge(20);

s.setScore(90);



Session session = sf.openSession();

session.beginTransaction();

session.save(s);

session.getTransaction().commit();

session.close();



}



@AfterClass

public static void afterClass(){

sf.close();

}



}
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(4)验证

select * from student;

+-----------------------------------------------+--------+------+------+

| id | name | age | score |

+------------------------------------------------+------+-------+------+

| 4028dae54aa322d1014aa322d5a50000 | 张三 | 20 | 90 |

+----------------------------------+------+-----+-------+------+------+





desc student;
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数据插入成功,id类型为varchar(255),主键

小实验2:

(1)修改Student.java。将id修改为int类型

package com.zgy.hibernate.model;



public class Student {

private int id;

private String name;

private int age;

private int score;

public int getScore() {

return score;

}

public void setScore(int score) {

this.score = score;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}





}
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(2)在Student.hbm.xml中,为配置其generator的class为native

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">



<hibernate-mapping package="com.zgy.hibernate.model">

<class name="Student" table="student">

<id name="id" column="id">

<generator class="native"></generator>

</id>

<property name="name" column="name"></property>

<property name="age" column="age"></property>

<property name="score" column="score"></property>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>
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(3)测试(删除student表)

(4)验证

select * from student;

+----+------+-------+-------+

| id | name | age | score |

+----+------+-------+-------+

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 90 |

+----+------+-----+--------+



desc student;


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数据插入成功,id为int(11)类型,主键,Auto_increment

第二种:Annotation配置ID

@GeneratedValue,默认的策略是auto,auto相当于XML中配置的native。

小实验1:

(1)编写Teacher.java。在getId()方法上添加@GeneratedValue

package com.zgy.hibernate.model;



import java.util.Date;



import javax.annotation.Generated;

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.EnumType;

import javax.persistence.Enumerated;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.Table;

import javax.persistence.Temporal;

import javax.persistence.TemporalType;

import javax.persistence.Transient;



@Entity

@Table(name="_teacher")

public class Teacher {

private int id;

private String name;

private String title;

private String address;

private String wifeName;

private Date birth;

private ZhiCheng zhiCheng;

@Id

@GeneratedValue

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

@Column(name="_name")

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

public void setTitle(String title) {

this.title = title;

}

public String getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(String address) {

this.address = address;

}



public String getWifeName() {

return wifeName;

}

public void setWifeName(String wifeName) {

this.wifeName = wifeName;

}

@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)

public Date getBirth() {

return birth;

}

public void setBirth(Date birth) {

this.birth = birth;

}

@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)

public ZhiCheng getZhiCheng() {

return zhiCheng;

}

public void setZhiCheng(ZhiCheng zhiCheng) {

this.zhiCheng = zhiCheng;

}





}
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(2)编写TeacherTesting.java,用于测试

package com.zgy.hibernate.model;



import static org.junit.Assert.*;



import java.util.Date;



import org.hibernate.Session;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

impo【本文来自鸿网互联 (http://www.68idc.cn)】rt org.junit.AfterClass;

import org.junit.BeforeClass;

import org.junit.Test;



public class TeacherTesting {

public static SessionFactory sf = null;

@BeforeClass

public static void beforeClass(){

sf = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();

}

@Test

public void test() {

Teacher t = new Teacher();



t.setName("t1");

t.setTitle("高级");

t.setAddress("北京");

t.setBirth(new Date());

t.setZhiCheng(ZhiCheng.A);



Session session = sf.openSession();

session.beginTransaction();

session.save(t);

session.getTransaction().commit();

session.close();



}



@AfterClass

public static void afterClass(){

sf.close();

}

}
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(3)验证

select * from _teacher;



desc _teacher;
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数据插入成功,id为int(11),主键,auto_increment

在使用Annotation的时候,除了使用auto策略,还可以使用increment,identity,sequence,table等等。

小实验2:

(1)修改Teacher.java.修改策略为identity

package com.zgy.hibernate.model;



import java.util.Date;



import javax.annotation.Generated;

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.EnumType;

import javax.persistence.Enumerated;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;

import javax.persistence.GenerationType;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.Table;

import javax.persistence.Temporal;

import javax.persistence.TemporalType;

import javax.persistence.Transient;



@Entity

@Table(name="_teacher")

public class Teacher {

private int id;

private String name;

private String title;

private String address;

private String wifeName;

private Date birth;

private ZhiCheng zhiCheng;

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

@Column(name="_name")

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

public void setTitle(String title) {

this.title = title;

}

public String getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(String address) {

this.address = address;

}



public String getWifeName() {

return wifeName;

}

public void setWifeName(String wifeName) {

this.wifeName = wifeName;

}

@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)

public Date getBirth() {

return birth;

}

public void setBirth(Date birth) {

this.birth = birth;

}

@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)

public ZhiCheng getZhiCheng() {

return zhiCheng;

}

public void setZhiCheng(ZhiCheng zhiCheng) {

this.zhiCheng = zhiCheng;

}





}
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(2)测试

(3)验证

select * from _teacher;

desc _teacher;


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使用table策略:

@javax.persistence.TableGenerator(

name="Teacher_GEN",

table="GENERATOR_TABLE",

pkColumnName="pkkey",

valueColumnName="pkvalue",

pkColumnValue="Teacher",

allocationSize=1

)
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以上Annotation的意义:首先是定义了一个generator,该generator的名字叫做Teacher_GEN,生成一张表,表名为GENERATOR_TABLE,该表有两个字段,分别为pkColumnName和valueColumnName。这个表的第一条数据是:Teacher , 1。其下一条数据的步长值,即Teacher表的下一条数据的值会是2

小实验3:

(1)修改Teacher.java类

package com.zgy.hibernate.model;



import java.util.Date;



import javax.annotation.Generated;

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.EnumType;

import javax.persistence.Enumerated;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;

import javax.persistence.GenerationType;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.Table;

import javax.persistence.Temporal;

import javax.persistence.TemporalType;

import javax.persistence.Transient;



@Entity

@javax.persistence.TableGenerator(

name="Teacher_GEN",

table="GENERATOR_TABLE",

pkColumnName="pkkey",

valueColumnName="pkvalue",

pkColumnValue="Teacher",

allocationSize=1

)

public class Teacher {

private int id;

private String name;

private String title;

private String address;

private String wifeName;

private Date birth;

private ZhiCheng zhiCheng;

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.TABLE,generator="Teacher_GEN")

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

@Column(name="_name")

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

public void setTitle(String title) {

this.title = title;

}

public String getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(String address) {

this.address = address;

}



public String getWifeName() {

return wifeName;

}

public void setWifeName(String wifeName) {

this.wifeName = wifeName;

}

@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)

public Date getBirth() {

return birth;

}

public void setBirth(Date birth) {

this.birth = birth;

}

@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)

public ZhiCheng getZhiCheng() {

return zhiCheng;

}

public void setZhiCheng(ZhiCheng zhiCheng) {

this.zhiCheng = zhiCheng;

}





}
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(2)测试

(3)验证

查看hibernate执行过程中产生的sql语句

Hibernate: select pkvalue from GENERATOR_TABLE where pkkey = 'Teacher' for update

Hibernate: insert into GENERATOR_TABLE(pkkey, pkvalue) values('Teacher', ?)

Hibernate: update GENERATOR_TABLE set pkvalue = ? where pkvalue = ? and pkkey = 'Teacher'

Hibernate: select pkvalue from GENERATOR_TABLE where pkkey = 'Teacher' for update

Hibernate: update GENERATOR_TABLE set pkvalue = ? where pkvalue = ? and pkkey = 'Teacher'

Hibernate: insert into Teacher (address, birth, _name, title, wifeName, zhiCheng, id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

查看数据表

select * from generator_table;

select * from teacher;
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