C++ 中如何建立和管理執行緒？有哪些線程同步機制？

#include <thread>

void thread_function() {
  // 执行线程任务
}

int main() {
  std::thread thread(thread_function);
  thread.join();  // 阻塞主线程，直到线程执行完毕
  return 0;
}

#include <mutex>

std::mutex mutex;

void thread_function() {
  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
  // 对共享数据进行操作
}

#include <condition_variable>

std::condition_variable cv;
std::mutex cv_mutex;

void thread_function() {
  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(cv_mutex);
  cv.wait(lock, [] { return condition_is_met; });
  // 条件满足时，继续执行
}

#include <atomic>

std::atomic_flag spinlock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;

void thread_function() {
  while (spinlock.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire));
  // 对共享数据进行操作
  spinlock.clear(std::memory_order_release);
}

#include <thread>
#include <vector>

std::mutex sum_mutex;
long long sum = 0;

void add_numbers(const std::vector<int>& numbers) {
  for (int num : numbers) {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(sum_mutex);
    sum += num;
  }
}

int main() {
  std::vector<std::thread> threads;
  std::vector<int> numbers = {...};  // 要相加的数字列表

  // 创建并执行线程
  for (size_t i = 0; i < std::thread::hardware_concurrency(); i++) {
    threads.emplace_back(add_numbers, numbers);
  }

  // 等待所有线程结束
  for (auto& thread : threads) {
    thread.join();
  }

  std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << std::endl;
  return 0;
}