漲知識了，Linux的ld和ldd一起用，可以幫我們分析運行時載入庫檔案失敗的原因

GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38 Supported emulations: elf_x86_64 elf32_x86_64 elf_i386 elf_iamcu elf_l1om elf_k1om i386pep i386pe using internal linker script: ================================================== /* Script for -z combreloc -z separate-code */ /* Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 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Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0.*/ /* DWARF 1.*/ .debug0 : { *(.debug) } .line 0 : { *(.line) } /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions.*/ .debug_srcinfo0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } .debug_sfnames0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2.*/ .debug_aranges0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } /* DWARF 2.*/ .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) } .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line .debug_line.* .debug_line_end) } .debug_frame0 : { *(.debug_frame) } .debug_str0 : { *(.debug_str) } .debug_loc0 : { *(.debug_loc) } .debug_macinfo0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions.*/ .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } .debug_varnames0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } /* DWARF 3.*/ .debug_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_pubtypes) } .debug_ranges 0 : { *(.debug_ranges) } /* DWARF 5.*/ .debug_addr 0 : { *(.debug_addr) } .debug_line_str 0 : { *(.debug_line_str) } .debug_loclists 0 : { *(.debug_loclists) } .debug_macro0 : { *(.debug_macro) } .debug_names0 : { *(.debug_names) } .debug_rnglists 0 : { *(.debug_rnglists) } .debug_str_offsets 0 : { *(.debug_str_offsets) } .debug_sup0 : { *(.debug_sup) } .gnu.attributes 0 : { KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes)) } /DISCARD/ : { *(.note.GNU-stack) *(.gnu_debuglink) *(.gnu.lto_*) } } ================================================== ld: mode elf_x86_64 attempt to open /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.a failed attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so succeeded /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so libmpi_mpifh.so.40 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/mpi/fortran/mpif-h/.libs/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/.libs/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed found libmpi_mpifh.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 libmpi.so.40 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/mpi/fortran/mpif-h/.libs/libmpi.so.40 failed attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/.libs/libmpi.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libmpi.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libmpi.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libmpi.so.40 failed found libmpi.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 libc.so.6 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/mpi/fortran/mpif-h/.libs/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/.libs/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/fortran/gfortran/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu64/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib64/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /lib64/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib64/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib64/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/mpi/fortran/mpif-h/.libs/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/.libs/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libc.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libc.so.6 failed found libc.so.6 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 libopen-pal.so.40 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/.libs/libopen-pal.so.40 failed attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/opal/.libs/libopen-pal.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libopen-pal.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libopen-pal.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libopen-pal.so.40 failed found libopen-pal.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-pal.so.40 libopen-rte.so.40 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libopen-rte.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libopen-rte.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libopen-rte.so.40 failed found libopen-rte.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-rte.so.40 libm.so.6 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libm.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libm.so.6 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libm.so.6 failed found libm.so.6 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 libhwloc.so.15 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libhwloc.so.15 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libhwloc.so.15 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libhwloc.so.15 failed found libhwloc.so.15 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhwloc.so.15 ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 failed found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 libevent_core-2.1.so.7 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-pal.so.40 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libevent_core-2.1.so.7 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libevent_core-2.1.so.7 failed found libevent_core-2.1.so.7 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent_core-2.1.so.7 libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-pal.so.40 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 failed found libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 libz.so.1 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-rte.so.40 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libz.so.1 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libz.so.1 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libz.so.1 failed found libz.so.1 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 libudev.so.1 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhwloc.so.15 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libudev.so.1 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libudev.so.1 failed found libudev.so.1 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1 ld -lmpi_usempif08 --verbose | grep found found libmpi_mpifh.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 found libmpi.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; not setting start address found libc.so.6 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 found libopen-pal.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-pal.so.40 found libopen-rte.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-rte.so.40 found libm.so.6 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 found libhwloc.so.15 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhwloc.so.15 found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 found libevent_core-2.1.so.7 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent_core-2.1.so.7 found libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 found libz.so.1 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 found libudev.so.1 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1

GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38 Supported emulations: elf_x86_64 …… using internal linker script: notice and this notice are preserved.*/ OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-x86-64", "elf64-x86-64", "elf64-x86-64") OUTPUT_ARCH(i386:x86-64) ENTRY(_start)# 运行时可执行文件从代码段的 _start 位置开始运行。 # 运行时需从哪些目录找动态库文件 SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib"); # 二进制文件有哪些的代码段、数据段 SECTIONS { PROVIDE (__executable_start = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x400000)); . = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x400000) + SIZEOF_HEADERS; .interp : { *(.interp) } …… .rodata : { *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*) } …… /* Thread Local Storage sections*/ # 线程本地存储区域 .tdata : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__tdata_start = .); *(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*) } .tbss: { *(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon) } .preinit_array: { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.preinit_array)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .); } # 数据区 .data : { *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*) SORT(CONSTRUCTORS) } .data1: { *(.data1) } _edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .); . = .; __bss_start = .; # BSS区 .bss: { …… } …… } # 下面是本文的重点关注部分 ================================================== # 文件1：逐个目录匹配是否找到被依赖的libmpi_usempif08.so 库文件 ld: mode elf_x86_64 attempt to open /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.a failed attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so succeeded # 找到了 libmpi_usempif08.so 库文件 # 文件2：逐个目录匹配是否找到被依赖的 libmpi_mpifh.so 库文件 libmpi_mpifh.so.40 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/mpi/fortran/mpif-h/.libs/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed attempt to open /build/openmpi-RCkqwI/openmpi-4.1.2/debian/build-gfortran/ompi/.libs/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 failed found libmpi_mpifh.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 # 找到了 libmpi_mpifh.so 库文件 # 找 libmpi.so.40 libmpi.so.40 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so …… found libmpi.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 # 找 libc.so.6 libc.so.6 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_usempif08.so …… found libc.so.6 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 # 找 libopen-pal.so.40 libopen-pal.so.40 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 …… found libopen-pal.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-pal.so.40 # 找 libopen-rte.so.40 libopen-rte.so.40 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 …… found libopen-rte.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-rte.so.40 # 找 libm.so.6 libm.so.6 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 …… found libm.so.6 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 libhwloc.so.15 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 # 找 libhwloc.so.15 ……略 # 找 libudev.so.1 libudev.so.1 needed by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhwloc.so.15 attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfakeroot/libudev.so.1 failed attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libudev.so.1 failed found libudev.so.1 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1

found libmpi_mpifh.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 found libmpi.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; not setting start address found libc.so.6 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 found libopen-pal.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-pal.so.40 found libopen-rte.so.40 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-rte.so.40 found libm.so.6 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 found libhwloc.so.15 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhwloc.so.15 found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 found libevent_core-2.1.so.7 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent_core-2.1.so.7 found libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 found libz.so.1 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 found libudev.so.1 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1

linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd2f3fd000) libmpi_mpifh.so.40 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_mpifh.so.40 (0x00007f34366bf000) libmpi.so.40 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi.so.40 (0x00007f3436588000) libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f3436200000) libopen-pal.so.40 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-pal.so.40 (0x00007f34364d5000) libopen-rte.so.40 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen-rte.so.40 (0x00007f3436143000) libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f343605c000) libhwloc.so.15 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhwloc.so.15 (0x00007f3436477000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f343677c000) libevent_core-2.1.so.7 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent_core-2.1.so.7 (0x00007f3436442000) libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent_pthreads-2.1.so.7 (0x00007f343643d000) libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f3436040000) libudev.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1 (0x00007f3436016000)