我最近與我的一位客戶合作，她在她的工作領域擔任專業顧問。她問我是否可以實施一個問答系統，確切地說是一個常見問題解答頁面。我說，“當然，我們可以創建一個頁面，然後用不同的樣式粘貼問題和答案”，但她說她會創建不同的頁面並對問題和答案進行分類，為了更有條理，她需要一個不同的方法。
#為此，我將向您展示如何使用自訂貼文類型、分類法和短程式碼，透過幾行簡單的程式碼來處理她的請求。
建立常見問題解答系統需要什麼？
讓我們先建立自訂貼文類型。
當然，我們首先會為常見問題解答項目設定自訂貼文類型。我們將在register_post_type() 函數的幫助下建立一個新的自訂貼文類型，但如果您想要一個用於建立貼文類型的GUI，您可以使用GenerateWP 的貼文類型產生器工俱生成它，就像我在這個例子：
<?php
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_cpt' ) ) {
// register custom post type
function tuts_faq_cpt() {
// these are the labels in the admin interface, edit them as you like
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'FAQs', 'Post Type General Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ', 'Post Type Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Item:', 'tuts_faq' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'view_item' => __( 'View Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new' => __( 'Add New', 'tuts_faq' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found' => __( 'Not found', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'Not found in Trash', 'tuts_faq' ),
);
$args = array(
// use the labels above
'labels' => $labels,
// we'll only need the title, the Visual editor and the excerpt fields for our post type
'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'excerpt', ),
// we're going to create this taxonomy in the next section, but we need to link our post type to it now
'taxonomies' => array( 'tuts_faq_tax' ),
// make it public so we can see it in the admin panel and show it in the front-end
'public' => true,
// show the menu item under the Pages item
'menu_position' => 20,
// show archives, if you don't need the shortcode
'has_archive' => true,
);
register_post_type( 'tuts_faq', $args );
}
// hook into the 'init' action
add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_cpt', 0 );
}
?>
提示：如果您的專案將涉及更多自訂貼文類型，這些類型可能比這個簡單的常見問題解答貼文類型更複雜，我可以推薦一個名為SuperCPT 的酷工具，它允許您創建新帖子類型具有更簡單的程式碼。我也寫了一篇關於SuperCPT的教程，你可以在這裡查看。
為了區分不同類型的問題（例如我的客戶關於流產和產後憂鬱症的問題和答案），我們需要一個類別系統。正如你們許多人已經知道的那樣，WordPress 透過自訂分類法提供了此功能。
這裡的基本函數是 register_taxonomy() 但同樣，如果您需要圖形介面，您可以使用GenerateWP 的分類產生器工具。
程式碼如下：
<?php
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_tax' ) ) {
// register custom taxonomy
function tuts_faq_tax() {
// again, labels for the admin panel
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'FAQ Categories', 'Taxonomy General Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ Category', 'Taxonomy Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ Categories', 'tuts_faq' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All FAQ Cats', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat:', 'tuts_faq' ),
'new_item_name' => __( 'New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'separate_items_with_commas' => __( 'Separate items with commas', 'tuts_faq' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_or_remove_items' => __( 'Add or remove items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'choose_from_most_used' => __( 'Choose from the most used items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found' => __( 'Not Found', 'tuts_faq' ),
);
$args = array(
// use the labels above
'labels' => $labels,
// taxonomy should be hierarchial so we can display it like a category section
'hierarchical' => true,
// again, make the taxonomy public (like the post type)
'public' => true,
);
// the contents of the array below specifies which post types should the taxonomy be linked to
register_taxonomy( 'tuts_faq_tax', array( 'tuts_faq' ), $args );
}
// hook into the 'init' action
add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_tax', 0 );
}
?>
就是這樣！現在您有了一個常見問題解答帖子類型，其中的分類法稱為“常見問題解答類別”，相互連結！檢查您的管理面板，您將在「常見問題」下看到「常見問題解答類別」選單項目。
就像常規貼文類別一樣，您可以在「常見問題解答類別」頁面中新增、編輯或刪除它們，也可以在編寫新的常見問題解答專案時新增類別。
[faq] 簡碼有趣的部分來了：建立短程式碼。 （如果您讀過我之前的帖子，您就會知道我是 WordPress 短代碼的忠實粉絲。）我們基本上會將常見問題解答項目嵌入到帖子和頁面中。
接下來會發生什麼：
讓我們開始建立短程式碼。與上面的程式碼一樣，我將添加一些有用的註解：
<?php
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_shortcode' ) ) {
function tuts_faq_shortcode( $atts ) {
extract( shortcode_atts(
array(
// category slug attribute - defaults to blank
'category' => '',
// full content or excerpt attribute - defaults to full content
'excerpt' => 'false',
), $atts )
);
$output = '';
// set the query arguments
$query_args = array(
// show all posts matching this query
'posts_per_page' => -1,
// show the 'tuts_faq' custom post type
'post_type' => 'tuts_faq',
// show the posts matching the slug of the FAQ category specified with the shortcode's attribute
'tax_query' => array(
array(
'taxonomy' => 'tuts_faq_tax',
'field' => 'slug',
'terms' => $category,
)
),
// tell WordPress that it doesn't need to count total rows - this little trick reduces load on the database if you don't need pagination
'no_found_rows' => true,
);
// get the posts with our query arguments
$faq_posts = get_posts( $query_args );
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq">';
// handle our custom loop
foreach ( $faq_posts as $post ) {
setup_postdata( $post );
$faq_item_title = get_the_title( $post->ID );
$faq_item_permalink = get_permalink( $post->ID );
$faq_item_content = get_the_content();
if( $excerpt == 'true' )
$faq_item_content = get_the_excerpt() . '<a href="' . $faq_item_permalink . '">' . __( 'More...', 'tuts_faq' ) . '</a>';
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item">';
$output .= '<h3 class="tuts-faq-item-title">' . $faq_item_title . '</h3>';
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item-content">' . $faq_item_content . '</div>';
$output .= '</div>';
}
wp_reset_postdata();
$output .= '</div>';
return $output;
}
add_shortcode( 'faq', 'tuts_faq_shortcode' );
}
?>
就是這樣！現在我們有一個簡潔的短代碼來嵌入我們的問題和答案。您可以使用類別名稱tuts-faq、tuts-faq-item、tuts-faq-item-title 和tuts-faq-item- content 將其樣式設定。不過，即使您不包含額外的樣式，也應該沒問題。
由於這些程式碼不僅涉及前端樣式，還引入新功能，因此它算是外掛領域。這就是為什麼我們必須將程式碼保存為插件。當我們這樣做時，我們還應該在啟用和停用時刷新重寫規則。
完整程式碼如下：
<?php
/*
Plugin Name: Simple FAQ System
Plugin URI: http://code.tutsplus.com/
Description: Helps you create an FAQ section for your WordPress website. Shortcode usage: <code>[faq]</code>
Version: 1.0
Author: Barış Ünver
Author URI: http://hub.tutsplus.com/authors/baris-unver
License: Public Domain
*/
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_cpt' ) ) {
// register custom post type
function tuts_faq_cpt() {
// these are the labels in the admin interface, edit them as you like
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'FAQs', 'Post Type General Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ', 'Post Type Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Item:', 'tuts_faq' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'view_item' => __( 'View Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new' => __( 'Add New', 'tuts_faq' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found' => __( 'Not found', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'Not found in Trash', 'tuts_faq' ),
);
$args = array(
// use the labels above
'labels' => $labels,
// we'll only need the title, the Visual editor and the excerpt fields for our post type
'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'excerpt', ),
// we're going to create this taxonomy in the next section, but we need to link our post type to it now
'taxonomies' => array( 'tuts_faq_tax' ),
// make it public so we can see it in the admin panel and show it in the front-end
'public' => true,
// show the menu item under the Pages item
'menu_position' => 20,
// show archives, if you don't need the shortcode
'has_archive' => true,
);
register_post_type( 'tuts_faq', $args );
}
// hook into the 'init' action
add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_cpt', 0 );
}
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_tax' ) ) {
// register custom taxonomy
function tuts_faq_tax() {
// again, labels for the admin panel
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'FAQ Categories', 'Taxonomy General Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ Category', 'Taxonomy Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ Categories', 'tuts_faq' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All FAQ Cats', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat:', 'tuts_faq' ),
'new_item_name' => __( 'New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'separate_items_with_commas' => __( 'Separate items with commas', 'tuts_faq' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_or_remove_items' => __( 'Add or remove items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'choose_from_most_used' => __( 'Choose from the most used items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found' => __( 'Not Found', 'tuts_faq' ),
);
$args = array(
// use the labels above
'labels' => $labels,
// taxonomy should be hierarchial so we can display it like a category section
'hierarchical' => true,
// again, make the taxonomy public (like the post type)
'public' => true,
);
// the contents of the array below specifies which post types should the taxonomy be linked to
register_taxonomy( 'tuts_faq_tax', array( 'tuts_faq' ), $args );
}
// hook into the 'init' action
add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_tax', 0 );
}
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_shortcode' ) ) {
function tuts_faq_shortcode( $atts ) {
extract( shortcode_atts(
array(
// category slug attribute - defaults to blank
'category' => '',
// full content or excerpt attribute - defaults to full content
'excerpt' => 'false',
), $atts )
);
$output = '';
// set the query arguments
$query_args = array(
// show all posts matching this query
'posts_per_page' => -1,
// show the 'tuts_faq' custom post type
'post_type' => 'tuts_faq',
// show the posts matching the slug of the FAQ category specified with the shortcode's attribute
'tax_query' => array(
array(
'taxonomy' => 'tuts_faq_tax',
'field' => 'slug',
'terms' => $category,
)
),
// tell WordPress that it doesn't need to count total rows - this little trick reduces load on the database if you don't need pagination
'no_found_rows' => true,
);
// get the posts with our query arguments
$faq_posts = get_posts( $query_args );
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq">';
// handle our custom loop
foreach ( $faq_posts as $post ) {
setup_postdata( $post );
$faq_item_title = get_the_title( $post->ID );
$faq_item_permalink = get_permalink( $post->ID );
$faq_item_content = get_the_content();
if( $excerpt == 'true' )
$faq_item_content = get_the_excerpt() . '<a href="' . $faq_item_permalink . '">' . __( 'More...', 'tuts_faq' ) . '</a>';
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item">';
$output .= '<h2 class="faq-item-title">' . $faq_item_title . '</h2>';
$output .= '<div class="faq-item-content">' . $faq_item_content . '</div>';
$output .= '</div>';
}
wp_reset_postdata();
$output .= '</div>';
return $output;
}
add_shortcode( 'faq', 'tuts_faq_shortcode' );
}
function tuts_faq_activate() {
tuts_faq_cpt();
flush_rewrite_rules();
}
register_activation_hook( __FILE__, 'tuts_faq_activate' );
function tuts_faq_deactivate() {
flush_rewrite_rules();
}
register_deactivation_hook( __FILE__, 'tuts_faq_deactivate' );
?>
當我向我的客戶展示如何使用它時，她對結果感到滿意。但在這裡，我們可以使用更多功能擴充程式碼，例如...
posts_per_page 參數來限制帖子數量自訂短代碼的查詢，並使用wp_reset_postdata(); 程式碼在行下方新增分頁連結所需的程式碼。請記住刪除 'no_found_rows' => true, 行，但如果不刪除它，分頁將無法運作！ posts_per_page 參數從-1 更改為1 並新增另一行程式碼'orderby' => 'random', 和你'一切順利！ 這就是您如何透過使用自訂文章類型、自訂分類法和短程式碼在 WordPress 中建立簡單的常見問題解答系統。我希望您喜歡本教程，並且可以在下一個專案中使用它。如果您喜歡這篇文章，請不要忘記分享它！
您對改進此常見問題解答系統有什麼想法嗎？在下面分享您的評論！
以上是使用自訂文章類型透過 WordPress 建立自訂常見問題解答系統的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
