環境準備
1、準備一台nginx伺服器ip192.168.1.133 連接埠81
安裝過程：
＃首先安装依赖： yum -y install gcc-c++ yum -y install pcre pcre-devel yum -y install zlib zlib-devel yum -y install openssl openssl—devel #注意 ： 安装nginx必须使用 root 用户安装 #创建一个nginx目录 mkdir /usr/local/src/nginx #进入到nginx目录 cd /usr/local/src/nginx #下载或上传安装包 wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx.tar.gz 或 rz上传 #解压安装包 tar -xvf nginx.tar.gz #进入到解压后的目录 cd nginx # 下面 才开始正式安装 #把nginx安装到指定用户的目录 mkdir -p /ucenter/soft/nginx #安装配置 prefix为安装目录 user为用户 group为 组 ./configure --prefix=/ucenter/soft/nginx --user=ucenter --group=ucenter #编译 make #安装 make install #在linux系统中由于非root用户不能占用80端口，所以需要使普通用户以root身份启动nginx。 cd /ucenter/soft/nginx/sbin #把soft文件下所有的文件所属者修改为ucener -r 表示递归 chown ucenter:ucenter ./soft/ -r #修改 ./nginx 的所属为root chown root nginx #让普通用户可以使用80端口，可以使用root权限启用nginx chmod u+s nginx #修改配置文件 在修改配置文件之前 ，要备份该文件 cd conf/ # 要注意nginx 的工作进程，一般根据cpu的核数去修改 vim nginx.conf #关闭防火墙，打开80端口 service iptables stop #启动nginx ./nginx #重启nginx ./nginx -s reload #关闭nginx ./nginx -s stop
準備一台tomcat伺服器，先準備java環境，安裝jdk步驟省略
然後分別安裝3個tomcat 伺服器ip位址：192.168.1.143，tomcat1 8080端口，tomcat2 8081端口，tomcat3 8082端口。
apache-tomcat-7.0.64/conf/server.xml設定檔修改這三個地方，這樣連接埠就不會衝突
修改tomcat root目錄下index.jsp，分別增加每個tomcat的標識，以及在頁面上顯示session id
<%-- licensed to the apache software foundation (asf) under one or more contributor license agreements. see the notice file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. the asf licenses this file to you under the apache license, version 2.0 (the "license"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the license. you may obtain a copy of the license at http://www.apache.org/licenses/license-2.0 unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the license is distributed on an "as is" basis, without warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied. see the license for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the license. --%> <%@ page session="true" %> <% java.text.simpledateformat sdf = new java.text.simpledateformat("yyyy"); request.setattribute("year", sdf.format(new java.util.date())); request.setattribute("tomcaturl", "http://tomcat.apache.org/"); request.setattribute("tomcatdocurl", "/docs/"); request.setattribute("tomcatexamplesurl", "/examples/"); %> <%=request.getservletcontext().getserverinfo() %>
${pagecontext.servletcontext.serverinfo}--8080
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這時候修改nginx配置檔案nginx.conf，把三台tomcat的ip位址以及連接埠號碼加入進去，使用nginx做代理
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; upstream localhost1 { #ip_hash; server 192.168.1.143:8080; server 192.168.1.143:8081; server 192.168.1.143:8082; } server { listen 81; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { proxy_connect_timeout 3; proxy_send_timeout 30; proxy_read_timeout 30; proxy_pass http://localhost1; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the php scripts to apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the php scripts to fastcgi server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param script_filename /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of ip-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # https server # #server { # listen 443; # server_name localhost; # ssl on; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_protocols sslv2 sslv3 tlsv1; # ssl_ciphers high:!anull:!md5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
這時候，分別啟動三台tomcat以及nginx，訪問，這時候每次刷新頁面，都會隨機存取8080或8081或8082，而且頁面上出現的session id也都是不一樣的，我們該如何讓這三台tomcat共享session呢，我們使用redis來做。
這時候，在已經依照三台tomcat的伺服器192.168.1.143上，安裝redis，安裝步驟如下：
$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.3.tar.gz $ tar xzf redis-3.2.3.tar.gz $ cd redis-3.2.3 $ make malloc=libc #启动redis src前面是安装的路径 $ src/redis-server & #关闭redis src/redis-cli shutdown #使用redis 放入键值对 key value $ src/redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> set foo bar ok 127.0.0.1:6379> get foo "bar" $
安裝完redis之後，在三個tomcat的lib資料夾內分別上傳這五個所依賴的jar，分別是
commons-pool2-2.0.jar
jedis-2.5.2.jar
tomcat-redis -session-manager1.2.jar
tomcat-juli.jar
tomcat-juli-adapters.jar
所有jar在這裡了，
#然後分別修個三個tomcat的context.xml文件，增加如下的配置
web-inf/web.xml
這時候，分別重啟三個tomcat以及nginx，查看tomcat日誌之後，發現沒有任何異常報錯，說明我們成功了，接下來開始測試。
我們訪問nginx服務器地址：
得到的是8080端口的tomcat1 ，session id為1a0625767f27ba95ef4d5f061fe0568d
這時候按f5刷新頁面，得到的是8081埠的tomcat2 ，session id依舊是1a0625767f27ba95ef4d5f061fe0568d
再刷新頁面，得到的是8082session的連接埠依舊是1a0625767f27ba95ef4d5f061fe0568d。 、
這時候，說明我們搭建tomcat nginx負載平衡 redis session同步成功啦！
nginx幫助把我們的請求均勻的分發給三個tomcat --》tomcat1 、tomcat2以及tomcat3
redis幫助我們同步session，這樣一來，我們的伺服器效能就會提高許多，任何一台tomcat發生故障後，對整體的服務都不會有影響了。
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