PHP中的設計模式：實現程式碼重用和可拓展性的最佳實踐

class Singleton
{
    private static $instance;
    private function __construct() {
        //私有构造方法，确保只能通过静态方法实例化
    }

    public static function getInstance() {
        if (!isset(self::$instance)) {
            self::$instance = new self;
        }
        return self::$instance;
    }
}

interface CarFactory {
    public function createCar($brand, $model);
}

class EuropeCarFactory implements CarFactory {
    public function createCar($brand, $model) {
        return new EuropeCar($brand, $model);
    }
}

class JapanCarFactory implements CarFactory {
    public function createCar($brand, $model) {
        return new JapanCar($brand, $model);
    }
}

// Client code 
$factory = new JapanCarFactory();
$car = $factory->createCar('Toyota', 'Camry');

interface Subject {
    public function attach(Observer $observer);
    public function detach(Observer $observer);
    public function notify();
}

interface Observer {
    public function update(Subject $subject);
}

class EmailService implements Observer {
    public function update(Subject $subject) {
        echo "Email send to all subscribers
";
    }
}

class NewsletterService implements Observer {
    public function update(Subject $subject) {
        echo "Newsletter send to all subscribers
";
    }
}

class BlogPost implements Subject {
    private $observers = [];

    public function attach(Observer $observer) {
        $this->observers[] = $observer;
    }

    public function detach(Observer $observer) {
        $index = array_search($observer, $this->observers);
        unset($this->observers[$index]);
    }

    public function notify() {
        foreach ($this->observers as $observer) {
            $observer->update($this);
        }
    }

    public function publish() {
        //blog post publish logic here
        $this->notify();
    }
}

// Client code 
$post = new BlogPost();
$post->attach(new EmailService());
$post->attach(new NewsletterService());
$post->publish();

interface Log {
    public function write($message);
}

class DBLog {
    public function log($message) {
        // 实现数据库日志逻辑
        return true;
    }
}

class FileLog {
    public function writeLog($message) {
        // 实现文件日志逻辑
        return true;
    }
}

class LogAdapter implements Log {
    private $logger;

    public function __construct($logger) {
        $this->logger = $logger;
    }

    public function write($message) {
        $this->logger->log($message);
    }
}

// Client code 
$dbLogger = new DBLog();
$fileLogger = new FileLog();

$log1 = new LogAdapter($dbLogger);
$log1->write('This message will be logged in database.');

$log2 = new LogAdapter($fileLogger);
$log2->write('This message will be logged in a file.');