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mysql---基本操作_MySQL

WBOY
發布： 2016-05-31 08:48:54
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早打算写些关于数据库操作方面的知识了，现在终于完成了第一篇，以下记录了关于mysql操作方面的基础知识

在window下，启动、停止mysql服务

启动mysql数据库
net start mysql

停止mysql数据库
net stop mysql

重新启动mysql数据库
net restart mysql


命令行形式，mysql基本命令的使用

1、命令的取消
\c

2、退出mysql窗口
exit;或quit;或ctrl+c

3、查看数据库版本号
select version();

4、显示当前存在的数据库
show databases;

5、选择test数据库
use test;

6、查看选择的数据库
select database();

7、设置数据库中文编码
set names utf8;

8、创建一个test数据库
create database test

9、创建一张mtest表
create table mtest(
id tinyint(2) unsigned not null auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex char(1),
email varchar(50),
birth datetime,
primary key (id)
);

10、向mtest表中插入一条数据
insert into mtest(`name`,`sex`,`email`,`birth`) values ('zhangsan','1','zhangsan@163.com',now());

11、查询mtest表中name为张三的信息
select * from mtest where name='zhangsan';

12、按照id号降序输出
select * from mtest order by id desc;

13、显示第11至20条数据信息
select * from mtest id limit 10,10;

 

一.首先配置jdk环境变量：

1.配置jdk的变量名，jdk的目录

 

2.配置jdk的path（路径\bin;）和mysql的path路径，指定bin目录（cmd下任意目录下可以访问mysql）

3.指定ClassPath

或者看以下配置：

1.环境变量的配置

我的电脑---属性-----高级------环境变量。

方法1 ：固定配置：

A.

新建java_home： 找jdk目录。 例如新建 D:\Program Files\Java\jdk（ 配置java_home以后就不怕换别的盘符了。直接修改java_home,不用修改path了）

B.

编辑path：       找bin路径。 在路径后面添加bin的路径 %java_home%\bin或者在没有配置java_home的情况下直接例如D:\Program Files\Java\jdk\bin（查找顺序，先在本目录查找，然后再在path路径查找。）

C.

CLASSpath 新建    确定找生成的.class目录。进入.java的目录后，如果在classpath中设置了.classpath的路径，就可以在dos环境下任意的目录下找到.class文件

二：

  1. C:\Windows\System32>mysql -hlocalhost -u用户名 -p密码 //输入 用户名和密码，登录数据库
  2. mysql> show databases;//查看数据库
  3. mysql> use 数据库名;//进入数据库
  4. mysql> show tables;//查看表
  5. mysql> desc 表;//查看表结构

 三.

创建数据库：
create database 数据库名；

mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">create</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">database</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sql_db;
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">use</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sql_db;</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)"><br></span>
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删除数据库：
drop database 数据库名；

在数据中（标准语句）
创建表：
create table 货物信息 (名称 类型 null|not null 主键或者唯一键,……);//包含了创建表时就建立约束语法。

mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">create</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">table</span> student (id <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">int</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">not</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">null</span> auto_increment <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">primary</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">key</span>,name <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">varchar</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">10</span>),cid <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">int</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">);
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">create</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">table</span> class (id <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">int</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">not</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">null</span> auto_increment <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">primary</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">key</span>,name <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">varchar</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">10</span>));
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删除表：
drop table 表名；

修改表 ：
alter table 表名
增加列： add column 列名 数据类型（长度）null or not null 主键or唯一键；ADD [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]

mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">alter</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">table</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">add</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">column</span> age  <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">int</span> ;
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删除列： drop column 列名；DROP [COLUMN] col_name

mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">alter</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">table</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">drop</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">column</span> age;
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更改列： change column 原列名 新列名 数据类型（长度）； CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name column_definition [FIRST|AFTER col_name]
               modify column 列名 数据类型（长度）；MODIFY [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]

 

column_definition:
col_name data_type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value] [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY] [COMMENT 'string'] [reference_definition]

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mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">desc</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> class;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> Field <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> Type        <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">Null</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">Key</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">Default</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> Extra <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id    <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">int</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span>)     <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> NO   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> PRI <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">varchar</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">10</span>) <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> YES  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>     <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>    <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)

如果想去除自动增长，则 先删除主键，再修改。
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">alter</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">table</span> class <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">drop</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">primary</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">key</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;

mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">desc</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> class;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> Field <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> Type        <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">Null</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">Key</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">Default</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> Extra <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id    <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">int</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span>)     <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> NO   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>     <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">varchar</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">10</span>) <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> YES  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>     <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>    <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.01</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)

mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">alter</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">table</span> class modify <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">column</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">int</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">null</span>;
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如果没有在原始没有给列添加为主键，可以 添加和删除约束的方法。
alter table 表名 add primary key(id);或者更改列 mysql> alter table 表 change id id int primary key;

例子：
mysql> alter table 表名 add primary key(id);

删除主键：
alter table 表名 drop primary key();

例子：
mysql> alter table emp drop primary key;

四.

表数据中的增删改查
1.向表中添加数据：（全部插入）insert into 表名 valus('','',……,'');
                               （部分插入）insert into 表名(列x，列y，……，列z) valus('','',……,''); 

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student中 （自动增长，赋予0和null 并不影响自动增长性。）：
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mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">insert</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">into</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">values</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>,<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">s1</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span>,<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">);
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">insert</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">into</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">values</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>,<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">s2</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span>,<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">);
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">insert</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">into</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">values</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>,<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">s3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span>,<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">null</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">);<br><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">mysql> insert into student values(0,'s3',3);//将在2中被删除</span>
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">insert</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">into</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">values</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>,<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">s4</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span>,<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">);
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">insert</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">into</span> student(id,name) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">values</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>,<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">s5</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span>);<br><br>
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class中：
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mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">insert</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">into</span> class(id,name) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">values</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>,<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">c1</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">);
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">insert</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">into</span> class(id,name) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">values</span>(<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">null</span>,<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">c2</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">); 
//指定id为4
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">insert</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">into</span> class(id,name) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">values</span>(2,<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">c3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">);


mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> class;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> c1   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> c2   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">4</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> c3   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+</span>
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2.向表中删除行数据：delect from 表名；（清空表）
                                  delect from 表名 where [检索条件表达式]

mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">delete</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">4</span>;
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3.更改表中的数据：update 表名 set 列名='表达式' [from 另一表名] where [检索条件表达式];

mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">update</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> name<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">s11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>;
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4.查询表中的数据：select          */表字段1，表字段2，……表字段n     from 表名 【where 查询条件】；

mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> student;
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> id,name <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> student;
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> id,name <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span>(<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>,<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3，4</span>);<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">//</span>in表示集合。
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特殊查询：

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//增加一列<br>mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">alter</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">table</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">add</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">column</span> createDate date;
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//查询是否增加<br>mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> student;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s11  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s2   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s3   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s4   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">6</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s5   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)
<br>//插入date类型格式的日期。
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">update</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> createDate<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">2012-11-16</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">'</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;//date时间类型 yyyy-mm-dd 格式  。createDate='2012-9-8'，必须这么写。
Query OK, </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> row affected (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.02</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)
Rows matched: </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>  Changed: <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>  Warnings: <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> student;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s11  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s2   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s3   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">16</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s4   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">6</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s5   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)
<br>//插入当前日期</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">update</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> createDate<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span>now() <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
Query OK, </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> row affected (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)
Rows matched: </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>  Changed: <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>  Warnings: <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">

mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> student;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s11  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s2   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s3   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">16</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s4   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">17</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">6</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s5   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)
<br><br>统计查询(sum.avg,count)</span>
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<br>mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">count</span>(<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span>) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">count</span>(<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span>) <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>        <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> row <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.03</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)

mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">count</span>(name) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">count</span>(name) <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>           <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-----------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> row <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)

mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">sum</span>(id) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> student;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">sum</span>(id) <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>      <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">17</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> row <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.03</span> sec)<br><br>
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<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">查询最大的id
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">max</span>(id) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> student;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">max</span>(id) <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>       <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">6</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> row <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)

查询最小的id
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">min</span>(id) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> student;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,255)">min</span>(id) <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>       <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">-------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> row <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.07</span> sec)
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分页查询（mysql专用）：

page表示要查询的页码（1开始），pagesize表示一页显示多少条记录
begin=（page-1）*pagesize；表示查询页开始的行号。 注意：行记录是从0开始

<br>mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> 表 limit <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">begin</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">,pagesize;

mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student limit <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>,<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s11  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s2   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s3   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">16</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.03</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)


mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student limit <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span>,<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s4   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">17</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">6</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s5   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
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查询 id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">3的，再以分页显示
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> limit <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>,<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s11  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> row <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)

</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">//</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">降序
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">order</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">by</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">desc</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">6</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s5   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s4   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">17</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s3   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">16</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s2   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s11  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)

升序（默认）
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">order</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">by</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">asc</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s11  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s2   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s3   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">16</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s4   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">17</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">6</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s5   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> sec)

查询id</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">2的，降序排列，分页查询
mysql</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">order</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">by</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">desc</span>  limit <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0</span>,<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">6</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s5   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">5</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s4   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">3</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2012</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">11</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">-</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">17</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+</span>
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">2</span> rows <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">in</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">set</span> (<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">0.00</span> sec)</span></span>
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链接查询（针对2个表）：

3.关联查询：
mysql> select * from 表1,表2 where 表1.列1=表2.列2 

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mysql<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">select</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">*</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">from</span> student s,class c <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">where</span> s.cid<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">=</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">c.id;
</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+------+------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> cid  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> createDate <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> id   <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> name <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">+</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,128,128)">--+------+------+------------+------+------+</span>
<span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>  <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> s11  <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">NULL</span>       <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span>    <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0)">1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(128,128,128)">|</span> c1   <span style="COLOR"></span>
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