本文主要教大家如何簡單實作python收發郵件功能，知識要點在python內建的poplib和stmplib模組的使用上。具有一定的參考價值，有興趣的夥伴可以參考一下，希望能幫助大家。
1. 準備工作
首先，我們需要有一個測試郵箱，我們使用新浪郵箱，而且要進行如下設定：
#2.poplib接收郵件
首先，介紹一下poplib登入郵箱和下載郵件的一些介面：self.popHost = 'pop.sina.com' self.smtpHost = 'smtp.sina.com' self.port = 25 self.userName = 'xxxxxx@sina.com' self.passWord = 'xxxxxx' self.bossMail = 'xxxxxx@qq.com'
# 登录邮箱 def login(self): try: self.mailLink = poplib.POP3_SSL(self.popHost) self.mailLink.set_debuglevel(0) self.mailLink.user(self.userName) self.mailLink.pass_(self.passWord) self.mailLink.list() print u'login success!' except Exception as e: print u'login fail! ' + str(e) quit()
登入郵箱成功後，我們可以使用list方法來取得郵箱的郵件資訊。我們看到list方法的定義：
def list(self, which=None): """Request listing, return result. Result without a message number argument is in form ['response', ['mesg_num octets', ...], octets]. Result when a message number argument is given is a single response: the "scan listing" for that message. """ if which is not None: return self._shortcmd('LIST %s' % which) return self._longcmd('LIST')
('+OK ', ['1 2424', '2 2422'], 16)
這是一個呼叫list()方法以後的回傳結果。很明顯，這是一個tuple，第一個值sahib回應結果'+OK'，表示請求成功，第二個值為一個數組，儲存了郵件的資訊。例如'1 2424'中的1表示該郵件編號為1。
下面我們再看如何使用poplib下載郵件。
# 获取邮件
def retrMail(self):
try:
mail_list = self.mailLink.list()[1]
if len(mail_list) == 0:
return None
mail_info = mail_list[0].split(' ')
number = mail_info[0]
mail = self.mailLink.retr(number)[1]
self.mailLink.dele(number)
subject = u''
sender = u''
for i in range(0, len(mail)):
if mail[i].startswith('Subject'):
subject = mail[i][9:]
if mail[i].startswith('X-Sender'):
sender = mail[i][10:]
content = {'subject': subject, 'sender': sender}
return content
except Exception as e:
print str(e)
return Nonedef retr(self, which): """Retrieve whole message number 'which'. Result is in form ['response', ['line', ...], octets]. """ return self._longcmd('RETR %s' % which)
3. smtp發送郵件
和pop一樣，使用smtp之前也要先給它一些需要的常數：self.mail_box = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtpHost, self.port) self.mail_box.login(self.userName, self.passWord)
# 发送邮件 def sendMsg(self, mail_body='Success!'): try: msg = MIMEText(mail_body, 'plain', 'utf-8') msg['Subject'] = mail_body msg['from'] = self.userName self.mail_box.sendmail(self.userName, self.bossMail, msg.as_string()) print u'send mail success!' except Exception as e: print u'send mail fail! ' + str(e)
class MIMEText(MIMENonMultipart):
"""Class for generating text/* type MIME documents."""
def __init__(self, _text, _subtype='plain', _charset='us-ascii'):
"""Create a text/* type MIME document.
_text is the string for this message object.
_subtype is the MIME sub content type, defaulting to "plain".
_charset is the character set parameter added to the Content-Type
header. This defaults to "us-ascii". Note that as a side-effect, the
Content-Transfer-Encoding header will also be set.
"""
MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'text', _subtype,
**{'charset': _charset})
self.set_payload(_text, _charset)def sendmail(self, from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[],
rcpt_options=[]):
"""This command performs an entire mail transaction.
The arguments are:
- from_addr : The address sending this mail.
- to_addrs : A list of addresses to send this mail to. A bare
string will be treated as a list with 1 address.
- msg : The message to send.
- mail_options : List of ESMTP options (such as 8bitmime) for the
mail command.
- rcpt_options : List of ESMTP options (such as DSN commands) for
all the rcpt commands.4. 原始碼及測試
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import poplib
import smtplib
class MailManager(object):
def __init__(self):
self.popHost = 'pop.sina.com'
self.smtpHost = 'smtp.sina.com'
self.port = 25
self.userName = 'xxxxxx@sina.com'
self.passWord = 'xxxxxx'
self.bossMail = 'xxxxxx@qq.com'
self.login()
self.configMailBox()
# 登录邮箱
def login(self):
try:
self.mailLink = poplib.POP3_SSL(self.popHost)
self.mailLink.set_debuglevel(0)
self.mailLink.user(self.userName)
self.mailLink.pass_(self.passWord)
self.mailLink.list()
print u'login success!'
except Exception as e:
print u'login fail! ' + str(e)
quit()
# 获取邮件
def retrMail(self):
try:
mail_list = self.mailLink.list()[1]
if len(mail_list) == 0:
return None
mail_info = mail_list[0].split(' ')
number = mail_info[0]
mail = self.mailLink.retr(number)[1]
self.mailLink.dele(number)
subject = u''
sender = u''
for i in range(0, len(mail)):
if mail[i].startswith('Subject'):
subject = mail[i][9:]
if mail[i].startswith('X-Sender'):
sender = mail[i][10:]
content = {'subject': subject, 'sender': sender}
return content
except Exception as e:
print str(e)
return None
def configMailBox(self):
try:
self.mail_box = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtpHost, self.port)
self.mail_box.login(self.userName, self.passWord)
print u'config mailbox success!'
except Exception as e:
print u'config mailbox fail! ' + str(e)
quit()
# 发送邮件
def sendMsg(self, mail_body='Success!'):
try:
msg = MIMEText(mail_body, 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = mail_body
msg['from'] = self.userName
self.mail_box.sendmail(self.userName, self.bossMail, msg.as_string())
print u'send mail success!'
except Exception as e:
print u'send mail fail! ' + str(e)
if __name__ == '__main__':
mailManager = MailManager()
mail = mailManager.retrMail()
if mail != None:
print mail
mailManager.sendMsg()
以上是python收發郵件功能的簡單實現的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
