WCF本質上提供一個跨進程、跨機器以致跨網絡的服務調用，本示例中主要實現了計算器的功能，大部分的函數來自網上別人的帖子，這叫站在巨人的肩膀上，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~，但是為了加深自己的對wcf的理解，因此決定自己在寫個類似的demo，把寫demo中遇到的問題展現出來，我相信對於初識wcf的程序員了來說，也會遇到各種問題。好了步入正題。
WCF 分為四個部分1、契約（Interface）2、服務契約（Service）3、WCF 宿主程式（控制台或IIS） 4、客戶端（Client）
本人在寫wcf的時候喜歡將四個部分分別拆分成不同的類別庫來管理。
1、契約
契約是對外開放的接口，暴露給客戶端的函數名稱首先，新建一個wcf服務庫，名稱為Interface，如圖所示：
刪除程式中預設的檔案（App.config，IService1.cs，Service1.cs），新建ICalculator
namespace Interface
{
[ServiceContract(Name = "CalculatorService", Namespace = "")]public interface ICalculator
{
[OperationContract]double Add(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]double Subtract(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]double Multiply(double x, double y);
[OperationContract]double Divide(double x, double y);
}
}2、新建服務契約，其實就是實作契約的類，新增"新建專案"->WCF->"WCF服務庫" （如第一步新建契約是一樣的步驟），類別庫的名稱為Service，
namespace Service
{
[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)]public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{public double Add(double x, double y)
{return x + y;
}public double Subtract(double x, double y)
{return x - y;
}public double Multiply(double x, double y)
{return x * y;
}public double Divide(double x, double y)
{return x / y;
}
}3、新建WCF宿主程序，WCF的契約和服務契約都已經建完，但是還需要一個程式來承載這些介面供外部程式調用，因此稱之為宿主程序，宿主程式可以部署在IIS上，也可以用控制台程式運行方便調試，下面我就介紹用控制台程式作為宿主程式。在解決方案的名稱右鍵添加"控制台程式" 名稱為Hosting ，添加對Interface和Service的引用
#實現wcf對外開放有兩種方式，一種方式是配置文件，將所有的WCF信息都寫到設定檔中
第一種：WCF的相關資訊寫到設定檔（App.config）中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <configuration> <startup> <supportedruntime></supportedruntime> </startup> <system.servicemodel> <services> <service> <endpoint> </endpoint> <endpoint> </endpoint> <endpoint></endpoint> <endpoint></endpoint> <host> <baseaddresses> <add></add> <add></add> </baseaddresses> </host> </service> </services> <behaviors> <servicebehaviors> <behavior> <servicemetadata></servicemetadata> <servicedebug></servicedebug> </behavior> </servicebehaviors> </behaviors> </system.servicemodel> </configuration>
Main方法的主要程式碼如下，
public class Program
{internal static ServiceHost host = null;static void Main(string[] args)
{using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
{
host.Opened += delegate{
Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动，按任意键终止服务！");
};
host.Open();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}執行控制台程序，如下圖所示：
第二種：寫一個WCFHelper類，加入幫助類的時候，一定引用System.Runtime.Serialization ，並且刪除App.config 對wcf的配置，否則會報錯代碼如下：
public static class WCFHelper
{public static string IP { get; set; }public static int Port { get; set; }static WCFHelper()
{try{
IP = System.Environment.MachineName;// ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServiceIP"];// Port = int.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServicePort"]);
}catch{
}
EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.Http, "http://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}");
EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetTcp, "net.tcp://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}");//EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetMsmq, "net.msmq://{0}:{1}/" + schema + "/{2}");//EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetPipe, "net.pipe://{0}:{1}/" + schema + "/{2}");try{
httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding();
httpBinding.MaxBufferSize = 200065536;
httpBinding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = 200065536;
httpBinding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
httpBinding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
httpBinding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
httpBinding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);
httpBinding.Security.Mode = BasicHttpSecurityMode.None;
httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = 64;
httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = 2147483647;
httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = 16384;
httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = 4096;
httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = 16384;
}catch{
httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding();
}try{
tcpBinding = new NetTcpBinding();
tcpBinding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);
tcpBinding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);
tcpBinding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
tcpBinding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);
tcpBinding.TransactionFlow = false;
tcpBinding.TransferMode = TransferMode.Buffered;
tcpBinding.TransactionProtocol = TransactionProtocol.OleTransactions;
tcpBinding.HostNameComparisonMode = HostNameComparisonMode.StrongWildcard;
tcpBinding.ListenBacklog = 100000;
tcpBinding.MaxBufferPoolSize = 524288;
tcpBinding.MaxBufferSize = 200065536;
tcpBinding.MaxConnections = 2000;
tcpBinding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = 200065536;
tcpBinding.PortSharingEnabled = true;
tcpBinding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.None;
tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = 64;
tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = 2147483647;
tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = 163840000;
tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = 4096;
tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = 16384;
tcpBinding.ReliableSession.Ordered = true;
tcpBinding.ReliableSession.InactivityTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
tcpBinding.ReliableSession.Enabled = false;
}catch{
tcpBinding = new NetTcpBinding();
}
}private static BasicHttpBinding httpBinding;public static BasicHttpBinding HttpBinding
{get{return httpBinding;
}
}private static NetTcpBinding tcpBinding;public static NetTcpBinding TcpBinding
{get{return tcpBinding;
}
}public static EndpointAddress GetEndpointAddress(string ip, int port, string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)
{string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];
address = string.Format(address, ip, port, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new EndpointAddress(address);
}public static EndpointAddress GetEndpointAddress(string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)
{string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];
address = string.Format(address, IP, Port, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new EndpointAddress(address);
}public static Uri GetBaseAddress(string ip, int port, string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)
{string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];
address = string.Format(address, ip, port + 1, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new Uri(address);
}public static Uri GetBaseAddress(string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)
{string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];
address = string.Format(address, IP, Port + 1, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new Uri(address);
}private readonly static Dictionary<bindingprotocol> EndpointAddress = new Dictionary<bindingprotocol>();public enum BindingProtocol
{
Http = 1,
NetTcp = 2,//NetPipe = 3,//NetMsmq = 4 }
}</bindingprotocol></bindingprotocol>將宿主程式中的main方法改成如下：
static void Main(string[] args)
{
WCFHelper.IP = "127.0.0.10";
WCFHelper.Port = 9999;
Uri httpUri = WCFHelper.GetBaseAddress(WCFHelper.IP, WCFHelper.Port, "Calculator", "Inspect", WCFHelper.BindingProtocol.Http);using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), httpUri))
{
host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), WCFHelper.TcpBinding, WCFHelper.GetEndpointAddress(WCFHelper.IP, WCFHelper.Port, "Calculator", "InspectService", WCFHelper.BindingProtocol.NetTcp).Uri.AbsoluteUri);
ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();#if DEBUGbehavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;#elsebehavior.HttpGetEnabled = false;#endifhost.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);
host.Opened += delegate{
Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动，按任意键终止服务！");
};
host.Open();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
4、宿主程式建完了，WCF的所有鍥約已經對外可以存取了，那現在需要建立Client 去呼叫wcf程式了，
首先，編譯宿主程式Host，找到bin/debug/ Host.exe 右鍵管理員打開，如果如下圖證明服務已經於寧
其次，在解決方案名稱->右鍵新增Winform程式 新建WinForm 程式,新增"服務引用"
新增服務引用（此引用方式，是以"3、新增宿主程式" ->"第二種WCF幫助類別的方式"）
點選「前往」 系統發現WCF服務，如下圖：
點擊確定，就成功的將wcf的引用了，下面開始呼叫WCF的程式了，例如呼叫Add方法，程式碼如下：
ServiceReference1.CalculatorServiceClient client = new ServiceReference1.CalculatorServiceClient(); textBox3.Text = client.Add(double.Parse(textBox1.Text), double.Parse(textBox2.Text)).ToString();
到此為止，wcf程式已經完成的跑通了，記得調試的時候已經把宿主程式和client程式同時運行。
如果閒麻煩，vs 支援同時啟動多個項目，可以同時把client 和host同時啟動
#
以上是對wcf的理解--實現計算器功能的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
