一、關於xml解析
XML在java應用程式裡變得越來越重要, 廣泛應用於資料儲存和交換. 例如我們常見的設定檔,都是以XML方式儲存的. XML也應用於Java Message Service和Web Services等技術作為資料交換.因此,正確讀寫XML文件是XML應用的基礎.
Java提供了SAX和DOM兩種方式用於解析XML,但即便如此,要讀寫一個稍微複雜的XML,也不是一件容易的事.
二、XMLBean簡介
Hibernate已經成為目前流行的面向Java環境的對象/關係資料庫映射工具.在Hibernate等物件/關聯式資料庫映射工具出現之前,對資料庫的操作是透過JDBC來實現的,對資料庫的任何操作,開發人員都要自己寫SQL語句來實現. 物件/關聯式資料庫映射工具出現後,對資料庫的操作轉成對JavaBean的操作,極大方便了資料庫開發. 所以如果有一個類似的工具能夠實現將對XML的讀寫轉成對JavaBean的操作,將會簡化XML的讀寫,即使對XML不熟悉的開發人員也能方便地讀寫XML. 這個工具就是XMLBean.
# 三、準備XMLBean和XML文檔
XMLBean是Apache的一個開源專案,可以從http://www.apache.org下載,最新的版本是2.0. 解壓縮後目錄如下:
xmlbean2.0.0 +---bin +---docs +---lib +---samples +---schemas
另外還要準備一個XML文檔(customers.xml),
在本文的例子裡,我們將對這個文檔進行讀寫操作. 文檔源碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Customers> <customer> <id>1</id> <gender>female</gender> <firstname>Jessica</firstname> <lastname>Lim</lastname> <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber> <address> <PRimaryAddress> <postalCode>350106</postalCode> <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1> <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2> </primaryAddress> <billingAddress> <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver> <postalCode>350107</postalCode> <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1> <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2> </billingAddress> </address> </customer> <customer> <id>2</id> <gender>male</gender> <firstname>David</firstname> <lastname>Bill</lastname> <phoneNumber>808182</phoneNumber> <address> <primaryAddress> <postalCode>319087</postalCode> <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1> <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2> </primaryAddress> <billingAddress> <receiver>Mr William</receiver> <postalCode>672993</postalCode> <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1> <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2> </billingAddress> </address> </customer> </Customers>
這是一個客戶的資料模型,每個客戶都有客戶編號(ID),姓名,性別(gender) ,電話號碼(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有兩個: 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)和帳單地址(BillingAddress),每個地址有郵編,地址1,和地址2組成.其中帳單地址還有收件人(receiver).此外,還要準備一個設定檔(檔名customer.xsdconfig),這個檔的作用我後面會講,它的內容如下:
<xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config"> <xb:namespace> <xb:package>sample.xmlbean</xb:package> </xb:namespace> </xb:config>
四、XMLBean使用步驟
和其他面向Java環境的物件/關聯式資料庫映射工具的使用步驟一樣,在正式使用XMLBean前,我們要作兩個準備.
1. 產生XML Schema檔案
# 什麼是XML Schema檔案? 正常情況下,每個XML檔案都有一個Schema檔案,XML Schema檔案是一個XML的約束檔案,它定義了XML檔案的結構和元素.以及對元素和結構的約束.通俗地講,如果說XML檔案是資料庫裡的記錄,那麼Schema就是表結構定義. 為什麼需要這個檔案? XMLBean需要透過這個檔案知道一個XML檔案的結構以及限制,例如資料類型等.利用這個Schema檔,XMLBean將會產生一系列相關的Java Classes來實現對XML的操作. 而作為開發人員,則是利用XMLBean產生的Java Classes來完成對XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.怎樣產生這個Schema檔呢? 如果對於熟悉XML的開發人員,可以自己來寫這個Schema檔,對於不熟悉XML的開發人員,可以透過一些工具來完成.比較有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以透過XML檔來產生Schema檔. 加入我們已經產生這個Schema檔(customer.xsd):<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xs:element name="Customers"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="customer" type="customerType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:complexType name="customerType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="id" type="xs:int"/> <xs:element name="gender" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="phoneNumber" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="address" type="addressType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="addressType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="primaryAddress" type="primaryAddressType"/> <xs:element name="billingAddress" type="billingAddressType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="primaryAddressType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="billingAddressType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:schema>
scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*
-src [dir] -- 生成的Java Classes存放目录 -srconly -- 不编译Java Classes,不产生Jar文件 -out [jarFileName] -- 生成的Jar文件,缺省是xmltypes.jar -compiler -- Java编译器的路径,即Javac的位置 schemaFile.xsd -- XML Schema文件位置
scomp -src build\src -out build\customerXmlBean.jar schema\customer.xsd -compiler C:\jdk142_04\bin\javac customer.xsdconfig
CustomersDocument.java -- 整个XML文档的Java Class映射 CustomerType.java -- 节点sustomer的映射 AddressType.java -- 节点address的映射 BillingAddressType.java -- 节点billingAddress的映射 PrimaryAddressType.java -- 节点primaryAddress的映射
package com.sample.reader; import java.io.File; import sample.xmlbean.*; import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils; import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions; public class CustomerXMLBean { private String filename = null; public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) { super(); this.filename = filename; } public void customerReader() { try { File xmlFile = new File(filename); CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile); CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray(); for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) { CustomerType customer = customers[i]; println("Customer#" + i); println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId()); println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname()); println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname()); println("Gender:" + customer.getGender()); println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber()); // Primary address PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress().getPrimaryAddress(); println("PrimaryAddress:"); println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode()); println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1()); println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2()); // Billing address BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress().getBillingAddress(); println("BillingAddress:"); println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver()); println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode()); println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1()); println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2()); } } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } private void println(String str) { System.out.println(str); } public static void main(String[] args) { String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml"; CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename); customerXMLBean.customerReader(); } }
Customer#0 Customer ID:1 First name:Jessica Last name:Lim Gender:female PhoneNumber:1234567 PrimaryAddress: PostalCode:350106 AddressLine1:#25-1 AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME BillingAddress: Receiver:Ms Danielle PostalCode:350107 AddressLine1:#167 AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY Customer#1 Customer ID:2 First name:David Last name:Bill Gender:male PhoneNumber:808182 PrimaryAddress: PostalCode:319087 AddressLine1:1033 WS St. AddressLine2:Tima Road BillingAddress: Receiver:Mr William PostalCode:672993 AddressLine1:1033 WS St. AddressLine2:Tima Road
public void createCustomer() { try { // Create Document CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance(); // Add new customer CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer(); // set customer info customer.setId(3); customer.setFirstname("Jessica"); customer.setLastname("Lim"); customer.setGender("female"); customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567"); // Add new address AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress(); // Add new PrimaryAddress PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress(); primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106"); primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1"); primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME"); // Add new BillingAddress BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress(); billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle"); billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107"); billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167"); billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY"); File xmlFile = new File(filename); doc.save(xmlFile); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } }
public static void main(String[] args) { String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml"; CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename); customerXMLBean.createCustomer(); }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Customers> <customer> <id>3</id> <gender>female</gender> <firstname>Jessica</firstname> <lastname>Lim</lastname> <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber> <address> <primaryAddress> <postalCode>350106</postalCode> <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1> <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2> </primaryAddress> <billingAddress> <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver> <postalCode>350107</postalCode> <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1> <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2> </billingAddress> </address> </customer> </Customers>
public void updateCustomer(int id,String lastname) { try { File xmlFile = new File(filename); CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile); CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray(); for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) { CustomerType customer = customers[i]; if(customer.getId()==id){ customer.setLastname(lastname); break; } } doc.save(xmlFile); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } main method: public static void main(String[] args) { String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml"; CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename); customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last"); }
public void deleteCustomer(int id) { try { File xmlFile = new File(filename); CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile); CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray(); for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) { CustomerType customer = customers[i]; if(customer.getId()==id){ customer.setNil() ; break; } } doc.save(xmlFile); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } main method: public static void main(String[] args) { String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml"; CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename); customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3); }
运行,我们将会看到客户编号为3的客户的资料已经被删除.
九、查询XML
除了本文在以上讲述的,利用XMLBean能轻轻松松完成XML的读写操作外,结合XPath和XQuery,XMLBean还能完成象SQL查询数据库一样方便地查询XML数据. 关于XML查询以及如何创建XML数据库, 我将在另一篇文章里讨论.
十、结束语
XMLBean能帮助我们轻易读写XML,这将有助于我们降低XML的学习和使用,有了这个基础,开发人员将为学习更多地XML相关技术和Web Services,JMS等其他J2EE技术打下良好地基础.
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