本文介紹

在.Net中，System.Net.Sockets 命名空間為需要嚴密控製網路存取的開發人員提供了 Windows Sockets (Winsock) 介面的託管實作。 System.Net 命名空間中的所有其他網路存取類別都建立在該套接字Socket實作之上，如TCPClient、TCPListener 和UDPClient 類別封裝有關建立到Internet 的TCP 和UDP 連接的詳細資訊；NetworkStream類別則提供用於網路存取的基礎資料流等，常見的許多Internet服務都可以見到Socket的蹤影，如Telnet、Http、Email、Echo等，這些服務儘管通訊協定Protocol的定義不同，但是其基礎的傳輸都是採用的Socket。其實，Socket可以像流Stream一樣被視為一個資料通道，這個通道架設在應用程式端（客戶端）和遠端伺服器端之間，而後，資料的讀取（接收）和寫入（傳送）均針對這個通道來進行。
可見，在應用程式端或伺服器端建立了Socket物件之後，就可以使用Send/SentTo方法將資料傳送到連線的Socket,或使用Receive/ReceiveFrom方法接收來自連線Socket的資料；
針對Socket編程，.NET 框架的Socket 類別是Winsock32 API 提供的套接字服務的託管程式碼版本。其中為實現網路程式設計提供了大量的方法，大多數情況下，Socket 類別方法只是將資料封送到它們的本機 Win32 副本中並處理任何必要的安全檢查。如果你熟悉Winsock API函數，那麼用Socket類編寫網頁程式會非常容易，當然，如果你不曾接觸過，也不會太困難，跟隨下面的解說，你會發覺使用Socket類開發windows 網路應用程式原來有規可尋，它們在大多數情況下遵循大致相同的步驟。

本節介紹使用Socket來實作一個同步的UDP伺服器。

Socket同步UDP伺服器

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Threading;

namespace NetFrame.Net.UDP.Sock.Synchronous
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Socket 实现同步UDP服务器
    /// </summary>
    public class SocketUDPServer
    {
        #region Fields
        /// <summary>
        /// 服务器程序允许的最大客户端连接数
        /// </summary>
        private int _maxClient;

        /// <summary>
        /// 当前的连接的客户端数
        /// </summary>
        private int _clientCount;

        /// <summary>
        /// 服务器使用的同步socket
        /// </summary>
        private Socket _serverSock;

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端会话列表
        /// </summary>
        private List<SocketUDPState> _clients;

        private bool disposed = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// 数据接受缓冲区
        /// </summary>
        private byte[] _recvBuffer;

        #endregion

        #region Properties

        /// <summary>
        /// 服务器是否正在运行
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsRunning { get; private set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 监听的IP地址
        /// </summary>
        public IPAddress Address { get; private set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 监听的端口
        /// </summary>
        public int Port { get; private set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 通信使用的编码
        /// </summary>
        public Encoding Encoding { get; set; }

        #endregion

        #region 构造函数

        /// <summary>
        /// 异步Socket UDP服务器
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="listenPort">监听的端口</param>
        public SocketUDPServer(int listenPort)
            : this(IPAddress.Any, listenPort,1024)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 异步Socket UDP服务器
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="localEP">监听的终结点</param>
        public SocketUDPServer(IPEndPoint localEP)
            : this(localEP.Address, localEP.Port,1024)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 异步Socket UDP服务器
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="localIPAddress">监听的IP地址</param>
        /// <param name="listenPort">监听的端口</param>
        /// <param name="maxClient">最大客户端数量</param>
        public SocketUDPServer(IPAddress localIPAddress, int listenPort, int maxClient)
        {
            this.Address = localIPAddress;
            this.Port = listenPort;
            this.Encoding = Encoding.Default;

            _maxClient = maxClient;
            _clients = new List<SocketUDPState>();
            _serverSock = new Socket(localIPAddress.AddressFamily, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);

            _recvBuffer=new byte[_serverSock.ReceiveBufferSize];
        }

        #endregion

        #region Method
        /// <summary>
        /// 启动服务器
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>异步TCP服务器</returns>
        public void Start()
        {
            if (!IsRunning)
            {
                IsRunning = true;
                _serverSock.Bind(new IPEndPoint(this.Address, this.Port));
                //启动一个线程监听数据
                new Thread(ReceiveData).Start();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 停止服务器
        /// </summary>
        public void Stop()
        {
            if (IsRunning)
            {
                IsRunning = false;
                _serverSock.Close();
                //TODO 关闭对所有客户端的连接
                CloseAllClient();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 同步数据接收方法
        /// </summary>
        private void ReceiveData()
        {
            int len = -1;
            EndPoint remote = null;
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
                    len = _serverSock.ReceiveFrom(_recvBuffer, ref remote);

                    //if (!_clients.Contains(remote))
                    //{
                    //    _clients.Add(remote);
                    //}
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    //TODO 异常处理操作
                    RaiseOtherException(null);
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 同步发送数据
        /// </summary>
        public void Send(string msg, EndPoint clientip)
        {
            byte[] data = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(msg);
            try
            {
                _serverSock.SendTo(data, clientip);
                //数据发送完成事件
                RaiseCompletedSend(null);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                //TODO 异常处理
                RaiseOtherException(null);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region 事件
        /// <summary>
        /// 接收到数据事件
        /// </summary>
        public event EventHandler<SocketUDPEventArgs> DataReceived;

        private void RaiseDataReceived(SocketUDPState state)
        {
            if (DataReceived != null)
            {
                DataReceived(this, new SocketUDPEventArgs(state));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 数据发送完毕事件
        /// </summary>
        public event EventHandler<SocketUDPEventArgs> CompletedSend;

        /// <summary>
        /// 触发数据发送完毕的事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="state"></param>
        private void RaiseCompletedSend(SocketUDPState state)
        {
            if (CompletedSend != null)
            {
                CompletedSend(this, new SocketUDPEventArgs(state));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 网络错误事件
        /// </summary>
        public event EventHandler<SocketUDPEventArgs> NetError;
        /// <summary>
        /// 触发网络错误事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="state"></param>
        private void RaiseNetError(SocketUDPState state)
        {
            if (NetError != null)
            {
                NetError(this, new SocketUDPEventArgs(state));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 异常事件
        /// </summary>
        public event EventHandler<SocketUDPEventArgs> OtherException;
        /// <summary>
        /// 触发异常事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="state"></param>
        private void RaiseOtherException(SocketUDPState state, string descrip)
        {
            if (OtherException != null)
            {
                OtherException(this, new SocketUDPEventArgs(descrip, state));
            }
        }
        private void RaiseOtherException(SocketUDPState state)
        {
            RaiseOtherException(state, "");
        }
        #endregion

        #region Close
        /// <summary>
        /// 关闭一个与客户端之间的会话
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="state">需要关闭的客户端会话对象</param>
        public void Close(SocketUDPState state)
        {
            if (state != null)
            {
                _clients.Remove(state);
                _clientCount--;
                //TODO 触发关闭事件
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 关闭所有的客户端会话,与所有的客户端连接会断开
        /// </summary>
        public void CloseAllClient()
        {
            foreach (SocketUDPState client in _clients)
            {
                Close(client);
            }
            _clientCount = 0;
            _clients.Clear();
        }
        #endregion

        #region 释放
        /// <summary>
        /// Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, 
        /// releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Releases unmanaged and - optionally - managed resources
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing"><c>true</c> to release 
        /// both managed and unmanaged resources; <c>false</c> 
        /// to release only unmanaged resources.</param>
        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (!this.disposed)
            {
                if (disposing)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        Stop();
                        if (_serverSock != null)
                        {
                            _serverSock = null;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (SocketException)
                    {
                        //TODO
                        RaiseOtherException(null);
                    }
                }
                disposed = true;
            }
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

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客戶狀態封裝類別

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;

namespace NetFrame.Net.UDP.Sock.Synchronous
{
    public class SocketUDPState
    {
        // Client   socket.
        public Socket workSocket = null;
        // Size of receive buffer.
        public const int BufferSize = 1024;
        // Receive buffer.
        public byte[] buffer = new byte[BufferSize];
        // Received data string.
        public StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        public EndPoint remote = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
    }
}

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伺服器事件參數類別

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace NetFrame.Net.UDP.Sock.Synchronous
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Socket实现同步UDP服务器
    /// </summary>
    public class SocketUDPEventArgs:EventArgs
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 提示信息
        /// </summary>
        public string _msg;

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端状态封装类
        /// </summary>
        public SocketUDPState _state;

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否已经处理过了
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsHandled { get; set; }

        public SocketUDPEventArgs(string msg)
        {
            this._msg = msg;
            IsHandled = false;
        }
        public SocketUDPEventArgs(SocketUDPState state)
        {
            this._state = state;
            IsHandled = false;
        }
        public SocketUDPEventArgs(string msg, SocketUDPState state)
        {
            this._msg = msg;
            this._state = state;
            IsHandled = false;
        }
    }
}

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