Laravel 5專案結構分析及中文文件閱讀摘要
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錯誤與日誌
檔案系統 / 雲端儲存
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35資料驗證
查詢構造器
結構產生器
定義針對不同Http Method
::
match([ 多重方法
Route::any
('foo', function(){ # 所有方法使用方法生成方法
url
： $url = url('foo');
Laravel會自動在每位使用者的session中放置隨機的token。 VerifyCsrfToken 中間件將保存在session中的請求和輸入的token配對。除了尋找CSRF token 作為「POST」參數，中間件也檢查X-XSRF-TOKEN請求頭。 CSRF Token到表單：type． " value=" csrf_token(); ?>">在Blade模板引擎使用 ：p _token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> 加到X-XSRF-TOKEN
. headers: {
'X-CSRF-TOKEN': $('meta[name="csrf-token"]').. });
...
# 這樣所有
ajax請求中將會帶上該頭資訊：將會帶上該頭資訊
url: "/foo/bar",})
方法欺騙
_method
" value="PUT">
? ; ?>">
路由參數
基礎參數
Route::get('user/
{name?}', function($name = null){ # 'user/{name?}', function(
$name = 'John'){ # 帶預設值的參數){ #
帶預設值的參數 可以定義參數的全局模式，在RouteServiceProvider的boot方法定義模式：
之後，會作用在所有使用這個特定參數的路線上：
Route::get('user/{id
if ($route->input('id') == 1){
也可以透過依賴注入來取得參數：use IlluminateHttpRequest;
(＜(He $request, $id ){ if ($request
->route('id')){
->route('id')){ Route::get(' user/profile', ['as' => 'profile'
, function(){
Route ::get('user/profile', [
'as' => 'profile',
'uses'
#
使用命名路由進行重新導向
$url = route('profile'); ()->
route ('profile');
# ＜# uteName();
路由群組
將共享屬性當作一個陣列當做Route:: 共用中間件
Route::group
(['middleware' => ['foo', 'bar'],
=> ['foo', 'bar'], => ['foo', 'bar'], Route::get('/', function()
{
});
Route::get('user/profile', function()
{ Middleware
});
});
# 上例中
foo和件
自訂的中間件的鍵名與類別名稱映射關係需要在Kernel.php中加入
。
# 共享命名空間
=p unction()
{ // Controllers Within The "AppHttpControllersAdmin" Namespace ute::group(['namespace' => 'User'], function() {
});
});
子網域路由Route::group(['domain' => '
{account}.myapp.com'],
Route::get('user/{id}', function($account
, $
//});
});
});
Route::group([
'prefix'=> 'admin'], function()
{
Route::
// Matches The "/admin/users" URL/admin/users
" URL
});
# 在路由前綴中定義參數
Route::group(['prefix' => 'accounts/
{account_id}'], function()
'], function()Route::get(' detail', function(
$account_id)
Route model binding model Binding provides a convenient way to inject model entities into routes User ID, you can choose to inject User class entities that match the given ID . Define model binding in the RouteServiceProvider::boot method: public function boot(Router $router){ parent::boot($router ; {user} Parameter route: Route::get('profile/{user} AppUser $user){ ) / / }); profile/1 will inject the ID for the 1 entityUser . If the entity does not exist, throw 404. You can pass a closure as the third parameter to define the behavior when it is not found. throws 404 error Two methods: abort (404); # Essentially throws a SymfonyComponentHttpKernelExceptionHttpException with a specific status code. Or: manually throw HttpException
middleware New middleware php artisan make:middleware OldMiddleware # Create a new middlewareThe main function of the middleware is implemented in the handle() class OldMiddleware { public function handle($request, Closure $next){ if (xxx){ return redirect('xx'); 🎙 } Analyzing its structure, we can find that it is basically the execution Make a judgment, and then redirect or continue forward. Global middleware If you want the middleware to be executed by all HTTP requests, just add the middleware class to app/Http/ Kernel.php $middleware property list. Assign middleware to routing After creating the new middleware, go to app/Http/Kernel.php Add middle in $routeMiddleware The mapping relationship between the file key name and the class name, and then you can use this key name in routing to assign routes: Route::get('admin/profile', ['middleware' => 'auth', function(){
Terminable middleware Terminable middleware needs to inherit from TerminableMiddleware and implement terminate() Method. Its purpose is to execute after the HTTP response has been sent to the client. Terminable middleware needs to be added to the global middleware list of app/Http/Kernel.php .
Controller Basic Controller All controllers should extend the base controller class use AppHttpControllers Controller; class UserController extends Controller { # Inherits Controller public function showProfile($id ) # Action { AppHttpControllersController is defined as follows: namespace BorogadiHttpControllers; use IlluminateFoundationBusDispatchesJobs; use as BaseController;use IlluminateFoundationValidationValidatesRequests; abstract class Controller extends BaseController { use DispatchesJobs, ValidatesRequests; }It can be seen that it is ultimately inherited from the IlluminateRoutingController class. # Named controller route Route::get('foo', ['uses' => 'FooController@method', 'as ' => 'name']); # URL pointing to the controller $url = action('AppHttpControllersFooController@ method'); URL::setRootControllerNamespace $url = action('FooController@
Two ways, one is to specify in the controller route: 'middleware'
'uses' => 'UserController@showProfile' ]); The other is Specify directly in the controller constructor: class UserController extends Controller { public function __construct(){ (' auth'); $this->middleware Implicit controller Implicit controller implementation defines a single route to handle each behavior in the controller: Route ::controller('users', 'UserController'); Define the implementation of the controller class: class UserController extends BaseController { Public function getIndex (){ # Response to user public function postProfile(){ # Response to post way user/profile
Public function anyLogin(){ # Response to all methods of user/login It is possible to support multi-word controller behavior by using "-": public function getAdminProfile() {} # Response to users/admin-profile , not user/adminprofile. Pay attention to the camel case naming method used in the action name
RESTfulResource controller is actually a specific application of implicit controller.
Route cache If only controller routing is used in the application, route caching can be used to improve performance. php artisan route:cache The cache route file will be used instead of the app/Http/routes.php file HTTP request Get the request in two ways, one is through the Request facade: use Request; $name = Request::input('name'); or via dependency injection: use type hints on the class in the constructor or method in the controller. The currently requested instance will be automatically injected by the service container: use IlluminateHttpRequest; use IlluminateRoutingController; class UserController extends Controller { public function store(Request$request){ $name ; request, $id Get input data $name = Request::input('name') ; # Get specific input data $name = Request::input('name', 'Sally'); # Get specific input data, if not, get the default value if (Request::has('name')){ # Confirm whether there is input data $input = Request::all # Get all input data$input = Request::only # Get some input data $input = Request::except # Get partial input data exclusion method$input = Request::input('products.0.name'); # Get data in array form old input data Request::flash(); # Save the current input data into session中 Request:: flashOnly('username', 'email'); # Save some data into session Request:: ('password'); # Save some data as session, elimination method withInput(); # Redirect and cache the current input data to session return redirect('form')->withInput(Request::except('password')); # Redirect and cache part of the current input data to session $username = Request::old('username'); # Get the one-time Session {{ old(' username') }} # Showing old input data in bladetemplate Cookies L cookie created by aravel Encrypt and add authentication mark. $value = Request::cookie('name'); # Get the Cookievalue #In response Add Cookies $response = new IlluminateHttpResponse('Hello World'); $response->withCookie (cookie('name', 'value' , $minutes)); $response->withCookie(cookie()->forever('name', 'value')); # Add Permanent Cookie # Add Cookie in queue mode, that is, set Cookie before actually sending the response Cookie::queue ('name', 'value'); return response('Hello World'); $file = Request: ; :file('photo')->isValid()) # Confirm whether the uploaded file is valid
Request::file('photo')->move($destinationPath); # Move Uploaded file Request::file('photo')->move($destinationPath, $fileName); # Move the uploaded file and rename it Other request information $uri = Request::path(); # Get request if (Request::ajax()) # Determine whether a request uses AJAX
# Method to determine the request $method = Request::method(); if (Request::isMethod('post')) if (Request::is('admin/*')) # $url = Request::url(); # Get request
HTTP response Basic responseRoute ::get('/', function(){ # return 'Hello World';
# Return to complete Responses
return Responses object: use IlluminateHttpResponse; return (new Response ($content, $status)) - ->header('Content-Type', $value); or use response auxiliary Method:
return response($content, $status)->header('Content-Type', $value);
# Return to view return response()-> return response($content)-> withCookie( cookie('name', 'value')); Redirect return redirect('user/login'); # Use redirect method return redirect ('user/login')-> ;with('message', 'Login Failed'); # Redirect and save the current data to Sessionreturn redirect()->back () ; # Redirect to previous locationreturn redirect()-> route('login'); # Redirect to specific route # Redirect to a specific route with parameters return redirect()->route('profile', [1]); # The URI profile/{id} return redirect()->route('profile', ['user' => 1]); # routed URI is: profile/{user} # Redirect based on controller actionreturn redirect()->action ('AppHttpControllersHomeController@index'); return redirect()->action('AppHttpControllersUserController@profile', ['user' => 1]); # With parameters Other responses # returnjson
return response()-> ;json(['name' => 'Abigail', 'state' => 'CA']); >json([' name' => 'Abigail', 'state' => 'CA']) - ->setCallback($request->input('callback')); #
return response()->download($pathToFile, $name, $headers); Response Macro # Define the response macro, usually defined in the Provider method
Response::macro ('caps', function($value) use ($response){ # PHP use use will copy a copy of the variable into the closure, and also supports reference forms, such as return $response->make(strtoupper( $value)); });# Call the response macroreturn response()- >caps(' foo'); ViewBasic view
# View definition File path and file name: resources/views/greeting.php
# View call Route::get('/', function() { return view( 'greeting' 'name' => 'James']); The parameter passed to the view is an array of key-value pairs}); Subfolder view call Definition location: resources/views/
return view(' admin.profile ', $data); # Other ways to pass data to the view $view = view('greeting')-> ( 'name', 'Victoria'); # Traditional method $view = view('greeting')->withName('Victoria'); # Magic Method $view = view('greetings', $data); # Directly pass the array $data is an array of key-value pairs # Share data to all views Customize a Provider boot method of AppServiceProvider view( )->share('data', [1, 2, 3]); or: View::share('data', [1, 2 , 3]);
# Confirm whether the view exists if (view()->exists ('emails .customer')) # Generate a view from a file path return view()->file ($pathToFile, $data); View componentView component is a closure or class method that is called before the view is rendered.
#
use View; use IlluminateSupportServiceProvider; View:: ('profile', 'AppHttpViewComposersProfileComposer'); #指 Use a class to specify the view component View :: composer ('dashboard', function ($ view) { # Use closure to specify the view component ... Use classes to specify view components, The method named compose of the specified class will be called before the view is rendered. As in the above example, the class is defined as: use IlluminateContractsViewView; use IlluminateUsersRepository as UserRepository; class ProfileComposer { protected $users; public function __construct(UserRepository $users){ # service container will automatically parse the required parameters Public function compose(View $view){ # The compose method is passed an instance of View, where parameters can be passed to View $ view->with('count', $this->users->count());
}
}
#
Using wildcards within the view component
View::composer('*', function($view){ # is equivalent to defining it for all views
#
Attach view components to multiple views at the same time
View::composer(['profile', 'dashboard'], 'AppHttpViewComposersMyViewComposer');
#
Many definitions View components
View::composers([
'AppHttpViewComposersAdminComposer' => ['admin.index', 'admin.profile'],
'AppHttpViewComposersUserComposer ' => 'user',
'AppHttpViewComposersProductComposer' => 'product'
]);
Service Providers
Each custom Provider must inherit from
IlluminateSupportServiceProvider and be registered in the Providers array in config/app.php. The custom Provider must define the register() method, which is used to define the behavior during registration. In addition, there are two optional methods and an optional attribute: the boot() method will not be called until all Provider have been loaded, and the provides()method Used in conjunction with the $defer optional attribute to provide the buffering function. The idea of providing services through service providers: implement a class that completes the actual work, define a Provider, and use it in the
register()method of Provider Methods to register the actual work class with the system container and obtain the actual work class instance. Then register this Provider in the application configuration. In this way, the register() method of all Provider will be called when the application is initialized to indirectly register the way to obtain the actual working class instance. #
Define a basicProvider
use RiakConnection;
use IlluminateSupportServiceProvider ) # Register a class in the container and obtain its instance Method
Return new Connection($app['config' ]['riak']);
; Service Container
Basic usage
in Inside the
Provider, the service container can be accessed through
$this->app.
There are two main ways to register dependencies: callback interface method and binding instance interface.
# The way of closure callback$this->app->bind('FooBar', function($app){
Return new FooBar($app['SomethingElse']);
});
# Registered as a singleton, subsequent calls will return the same instance
$this->app->singleton('FooBar', function($app){
return new FooBar($app['SomethingElse']);
});
#
Bind to an existing instance
$fooBar = new FooBar(new SomethingElse);
$this ->app->instance('FooBar', $fooBar);
There are two ways to resolve the instance from the container:
$fooBar = $this-> ;app->make('FooBar');# Use the make()
method to parse
$fooBar = $this->app['FooBar'];
# Because the container implements the ArrayAccess
interface, you can use the array access form After defining the registration and parsing information, you can directly use it in the constructor of the class Specify the required dependencies via type-hint
, and the container will automatically inject all the required dependencies.
use IlluminateRoutingController; AppUsersRepository as UserRepository;class UserController extends Controller {
protected $users;
public function __construct(
UserRepository $users){
# type-hint$users;
}
public function show($id){
}
}Binding interface
interface
EventPusher{
Public function push($event, array $data);
}
class
PusherEventPusherimplements EventPusher {
...
}
Because the PusherEventPusher
class implements EventPusher Interface, so you can directly register this interface and bind it to a class that implements this interface: $this->app->
bind('AppContractsEventPusher', 'AppServicesPusherEventPusher ');
When a class requires the EventPusher interface, it will tell the container that it should inject
PusherEventPusher.
Context binding$this->app->when
('AppHandlersCommandsCreateOrderHandler') needs('AppContractsEventPusher') tPusher'); tag $this->app->bind('SpeedReport', function(){ }); $this->app->bind ('MemoryReport', function (){ }); reports'); Tag the class registered in the previous two steps as 'reports' Parse them properly:
$this->app->bind('ReportAggregator', function($app){ ) return new ReportAggregator($app->tagged ('reports'));
}); Container events The container will trigger an event when parsing each object. You can use the resolving method to listen for this event (the parsed object will be passed into the closure method): $this->app->resolving(function($object, $app){ # Called when the container resolves any type of dependency
... });$this->app- >resolving(function(FooBar $fooBar, $app){ # 'FooBar' ... });
main component implementations , you can see it under the Contracts
directory The directory structure is the same as inIlluminate.
Contractsis the interface definition,
Illuminateis the specific implementation. Each concrete implemented class in Illuminate
extends its corresponding interface inContracts. This separation of interface and implementation can make dependency injection low-coupling. /laravel/framework/src
/Illuminate
/Auth
/Broadcasting
/Bus
...
/Contracts
/Auth
/Broadcasting
/Bus
...
FacadesBasic usage
Facades provide a static interface to classes that can be accessed in the application's
service container. (An application of "decoration mode" in design pattern mainly uses class_alias
to create category names, and also uses__callStatic() to provide a static proxy, which is ultimately simulated using a mock object
PHPobject and call the object's method)
Laravel's facades and any custom facades you create, will inherit the base class Facade and only need to implement one method: getFacadeAccessor() .
Such as CacheThis facade is called: $value = Cache::get( 'key');
Look at the implementation of the class:
class Cache extends Facade {
protected static function getFacadeAccessor() { return 'cache'; } # This The function of the method is to return the name of the service container binding
}
When the user executes any static method on the Cache's facade, Laravel Will resolve the bound cache from the service container and execute the requested method (in this example, get)
on that object All facades exist in the global namespace. When used in a nested namespace, you need to import the facade class into the namespace:
use Cache; # ImportCache facade
class PhotosController extends Controller {
public function index(){
$ photos = Cache::get('photos');
}
}
