如何使用CSS實現黑暗模式主題
实现暗黑模式有两种主要方式：一是使用 prefers-color-scheme 媒体查询自动适配系统偏好，二是通过 JavaScript 添加手动切换功能。1. 使用 prefers-color-scheme 可自动根据用户系统设置应用暗黑主题，无需 JavaScript，只需定义媒体查询内的样式；2. 实现手动切换需定义 light-theme 和 dark-theme CSS 类，添加切换按钮，并用 JavaScript 管理主题状态和 localStorage 保存用户偏好；3. 可结合两者，在页面加载时优先读取 localStorage，若无则根据系统偏好设置初始主题，从而提供智能默认值与用户控制的平衡。通过 CSS 变量和一致的样式管理，可创建流畅且持久的暗黑模式体验，显著提升可用性。
Implementing a dark mode theme with CSS is straightforward and can be done in several ways depending on your needs—whether you want to respect the user’s system preference or let them toggle it manually on your site. Here's how to do both.
Using prefers-color-scheme for automatic dark mode
The easiest way to implement dark mode is by using the prefers-color-scheme media query. This lets your site automatically switch themes based on the user’s operating system settings.
/* Default (light mode) styles */
body {
background-color: white;
color: black;
}
/* Dark mode styles */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
body {
background-color: #121212;
color: #e0e0e0;
}
}You can extend this to other elements:
.sidebar {
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
.sidebar {
background-color: #1e1e1e;
color: #ccc;
}
}This method requires no JavaScript and works immediately when the user loads the page with their system in dark mode.
Adding a manual toggle with CSS and JavaScript
If you want users to manually switch between light and dark themes (regardless of system settings), you’ll need a toggle button and some JavaScript to manage the state.
1. Define CSS classes for themes
Use classes like light-theme and dark-theme on the <html> or <body> element.
/* Light theme (default) */
.light-theme {
--bg-color: white;
--text-color: black;
}
/* Dark theme */
.dark-theme {
--bg-color: #121212;
--text-color: #e0e0e0;
}
/* Apply variables */
body {
background-color: var(--bg-color);
color: var(--text-color);
transition: background-color 0.3s, color 0.3s;
}Using CSS custom properties (variables) makes it easier to manage colors across your site.
2. Add a toggle button in HTML
<button id="theme-toggle">Toggle Dark Mode</button>
3. Use JavaScript to switch themes
const toggleButton = document.getElementById('theme-toggle');
const currentTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'light'; // default to light
// Set initial theme
document.documentElement.className = currentTheme '-theme';
// Update button text
toggleButton.textContent = currentTheme === 'dark' ? 'Switch to Light' : 'Switch to Dark';
// Toggle theme on click
toggleButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
const isDark = document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark-theme');
const newTheme = isDark ? 'light' : 'dark';
document.documentElement.className = newTheme '-theme';
localStorage.setItem('theme', newTheme);
toggleButton.textContent = newTheme === 'dark' ? 'Switch to Light' : 'Switch to Dark';
});This saves the user’s preference in localStorage so the theme persists across page reloads.
Optional: Combine both approaches
You can combine system preference detection with manual override:
- On page load, check
localStoragefirst. - If no preference is saved, use
prefers-color-schemeto set the initial theme.
const savedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme');
const systemPrefersDark = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches;
const initialTheme = savedTheme || (systemPrefersDark ? 'dark' : 'light');
document.documentElement.className = initialTheme '-theme';This gives users the best of both worlds: a smart default and full control.
Using CSS variables, media queries, and a bit of JavaScript, you can implement a smooth, persistent dark mode that enhances user experience. The key is consistency in using variables and saving user preferences. Basically, it’s simple to set up and makes a big difference in usability.
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