如何在GO中導入本地軟件包？

要正確導入本地包，需使用Go模塊並遵循目錄結構與導入路徑匹配原則。 1. 使用go mod init初始化模塊，如go mod init example.com/myproject；2. 將本地包放在子目錄中，如mypkg/utils.go，包聲明為package mypkg；3. 在main.go中通過完整模塊路徑導入，如import "example.com/myproject/mypkg"；4. 避免相對導入、路徑不匹配或命名衝突；5. 對於模塊外的包可使用replace指令。只要確保模塊初始化、目錄結構合理、導入路徑正確、包名一致，即可成功導入本地包。

Importing a local package in Go is straightforward, but it depends on whether you're using Go modules (modern approach) or the old GOPATH-based structure. Since Go 1.11 , modules are the standard, so we'll focus on that.

1. Use Go Modules (Recommended)

First, make sure your project is initialized as a Go module:

 go mod init example.com/myproject

This creates a go.mod file, which tracks your module and dependencies.

Project structure

 myproject/
├── go.mod
├── main.go
└── mypkg/
    └── utils.go

Write the local package

In mypkg/utils.go :

 package mypkg

import "fmt"

func SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello from mypkg!")
}

Import the local package in main.go

 package main

import "example.com/myproject/mypkg"

func main() {
    mypkg.SayHello()
}

? The import path is based on your module name ( example.com/myproject ) subdirectory path ( mypkg ).

Run it

 go run main.go

Go automatically resolves the local package via the module structure.

2. Multiple Packages in Subdirectories

You can organize deeper:

 myproject/
├── go.mod
├── main.go
└── pkg/
    └── mathpkg/
        └── math.go

In pkg/mathpkg/math.go :

 package mathpkg

func Add(a, b int) int {
    return ab
}

In main.go :

 package main

import (
    "example.com/myproject/pkg/mathpkg"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    result := mathpkg.Add(2, 3)
    fmt.Println("Result:", result)
}

Still works the same — just adjust the import path accordingly.

3. Common Mistakes to Avoid

• ❌ Using relative imports like import "./mypkg" — not allowed in Go.
• ❌ Forgetting to match the module path in go.mod with the import path.
• ❌ Naming your local package directory the same as a standard library or external package (can cause confusion).

4. Local Packages Outside the Main Module (eg, Vendor or Replace)

If you're working with a package in a separate folder not under the main module, you can use replace directives in go.mod for development:

 // In go.mod
replace example.com/mypkg => ../mypkg

This is useful when developing multiple related modules locally.

But for most cases — keep the package under your module directory and use the full module path to import .

Basically, just:
✅ Initialize with go mod init
✅ Put your package in a subdirectory
✅ Import using module-name/subdir
✅ Make sure package name in code matches

And it'll work.

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