如何與Docker建立Laravel？

使用Composer 容器創建Laravel 項目；2. 編寫包含PHP 擴展和Apache 配置的Dockerfile；3. 通過docker-compose.yml 定義app、MySQL 和phpMyAdmin 服務；4. 配置Apache 虛擬主機支持Laravel 路由；5. 更新.env 文件設置數據庫連接；6. 運行docker-compose up -d --build 啟動容器；7. 在容器中執行Composer 安裝和密鑰生成；8. 可選運行遷移；9. 開發時使用docker-compose exec 執行Artisan 命令，代碼實時同步，修改Dockerfile 後需重建鏡像，最終實現Laravel 在Docker 中的本地開發環境部署。

Setting up Laravel with Docker isn't complicated once you understand the basics of containers and how to structure your services. Here's a practical guide to get a Laravel project running in Docker using Docker Compose .

✅ 1. Create a New Laravel Project (or Use Existing One)

If you're starting fresh, use Composer via Docker to create the Laravel app:

 docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel my-laravel-app

Replace my-laravel-app with your project name. This avoids needing Composer installed locally.

Now navigate into your project:

 cd my-laravel-app

✅ 2. Create the Dockerfile

Create a Dockerfile in the project root to define the PHP environment:

 # Use PHP 8.3 with Apache (you can use Nginx too)
FROM php:8.3-apache

# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    git \
    curl \
    libpng-dev \
    libonig-dev \
    libxml2-dev \
    zip \
    unzip

# Clear cache
RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install PHP extensions
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql mbstring exif pcntl bcmath gd

# Install Composer
COPY --from=composer:latest /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /var/www/html

# Copy existing application code
COPY . /var/www/html/

# Copy Apache vhost config
COPY .docker/vhost.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

# Enable mod_rewrite for Laravel routes
RUN a2enmod rewrite

# Fix permissions
RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html

✅ 3. Set Up Docker Compose

Create a docker-compose.yml file in the root:

 version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "8000:80"
    environment:
      - APACHE_RUN_USER=www-data
      - APACHE_RUN_GROUP=www-data
    volumes:
      - .:/var/www/html
    depends_on:
      - db

  db:
    image: mysql:8.0
    command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_DATABASE: laravel
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpassword
      MYSQL_USER: laravel_user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: laravel_password
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql

  phpmyadmin:
    image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    environment:
      PMA_HOST: db
      PMA_USER: laravel_user
      PMA_PASSWORD: laravel_password
    depends_on:
      - db

volumes:
  mysql_data:

Optional: Remove phpmyadmin if you don't need it.

✅ 4. Configure Apache Virtual Host

Create a .docker/vhost.conf file:

 <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/public

    <Directory /var/www/html/public>
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

This enables .htaccess and mod_rewrite for Laravel's routing.

✅ 5. Update Laravel Environment

Edit your .env file (create it from .env.example ):

 APP_NAME=Laravel
APP_ENV=local
APP_KEY=
APP_DEBUG=true
APP_URL=http://localhost:8000

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=db
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laravel
DB_USERNAME=laravel_user
DB_PASSWORD=laravel_password

Note: DB_HOST=db matches the service name in docker-compose.yml .

✅ 6. Build and Run Containers

Run this command in your terminal:

 docker-compose up -d --build

This builds the app container, starts MySQL and phpMyAdmin.

✅ 7. Install Laravel Dependencies & Generate Key

Run Composer install and generate the app key inside the container:

 docker-compose exec app composer install
docker-compose exec app php artisan key:generate
docker-compose exec app php artisan config:cache

✅ 8. Run Migrations (Optional)

Apply Laravel migrations:

 docker-compose exec app php artisan migrate

You can now access:

• Laravel app: http://localhost:8000
• phpMyAdmin: http://localhost:8080 (optional)

✅ 9. Development Tips

• Your code is mounted via volume, so local changes reflect instantly.
• For Artisan commands, always use:

   docker-compose exec app php artisan <command>

• If you add PHP extensions or change the Dockerfile , rebuild:

   docker-compose build app

  ---

  ✅ Final Notes

  This setup gives you:

  • Laravel running on Apache PHP
  • MySQL database
  • Optional GUI via phpMyAdmin
  • Full Docker isolation

  You can swap Apache for Nginx PHP-FPM for production, but this is perfect for local development.

  Basically, just keep your .env , Dockerfile , and docker-compose.yml in sync — and you're good to go.

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