記事本查找並替換為正則捕獲組

在Notepad 中使用正則表達式捕獲組可有效重組文本，首先需打開替換對話框（Ctrl H），選擇“搜索模式”為“正則表達式”，1. 使用()定義捕獲組，如(\w )捕獲單詞；2. 在替換框中用\1、\2引用對應組；3. 示例：交換姓名“John Doe”為“Doe, John”，查找(\w )\s (\w )，替換為\2, \1；4. 日期格式轉換2023-12-25為25/12/2023，查找(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})，替換為\3/\2/\1；5. 日誌重排可提取時間、級別、ID等信息並重構；注意Notepad 使用Boost引擎，僅支持編號組，不支持命名組，可使用$1或\1引用，測試時先用小樣本驗證，結合非捕獲組(?:...)優化性能，此功能適用於快速文本重構與數據清洗。

In Notepad , you can use regular expressions (regex) with capture groups in the Find and Replace feature to dynamically restructure or reformat text. This is especially useful for log parsing, code refactoring, or data cleanup.

Here's how to use regex capture groups effectively in Notepad :

✅ How to Enable Regex Mode

1. Open the Find and Replace dialog ( Ctrl H )
2. At the bottom, select "Search Mode" → "Regular expression"
3. Make sure ". matches newline" is unchecked unless you need multiline matching

? Understanding Capture Groups

Capture groups are defined using parentheses () in regex.
You can then refer to them in the Replace field using \1 , \2 , etc., where:

• \1 = first captured group
• \2 = second captured group
• and so on

? Example 1: Swapping First and Last Names

Suppose you have:

 John Doe
Jane Smith

You want to convert it to:

 Doe, John
Smith, Jane

Find what:

 (\w )\s (\w )

Replace with:

 \2, \1

✅ Explanation:

• (\w ) captures first name (group 1)
• \s matches one or more spaces
• (\w ) captures last name (group 2)
• \2, \1 reverses the order

? Example 2: Reformatting Dates

Change 2023-12-25 to 25/12/2023

Find what:

 (\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})

Replace with:

 \3/\2/\1

✅ Groups:

• \1 = year
• \2 = month
• \3 = day

? Example 3: Extracting and Reformatting Log Entries

Original:

 [ERROR] User login failed for user_id=12345 at 2023-01-01
[WARN] Timeout on request from IP=192.168.1.1

You want:

 2023-01-01: ERROR - user_id 12345
192.168.1.1: WARN - Timeout

You may need multiple steps, but here's a partial example:

Find what:

 \[(\w )\].*?user_id=(\d ).*?at (\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2})

Replace with:

 \3: \1 - user_id \2

⚠️ Important Notes

• Notepad uses the Boost regex engine , which supports basic capture groups but has some limitations.
• No named groups like (?<name>...)</name> — only numbered groups \1 , \2 , etc.
• Backreferences in Find work too : You can use \1 in the "Find what" field to match repeated text.
  • Example: Find duplicated words: (\b\w \b)\s \1 → matches "the the"
• Escaping : Use $$ if you need a literal $ in replace (though $1 , $2 also work instead of \1 , \2 in Notepad )

? Pro Tips

• Test on a small sample first
• Use "Find Next" to verify your regex matches correctly
• Use \K to keep text before (advanced, not always reliable in older versions)
• Use non-capturing groups (?:...) if you need grouping without capturing

Summary

Using regex capture groups in Notepad lets you:

• Rearrange text dynamically
• Extract and reformat structured data
• Clean logs, CSVs, or code quickly

Just remember:

1. Enable Regular expression mode
2. Use () to capture
3. Use \1 , \2 , etc., in the replace field

It's not as powerful as full scripting, but for quick text surgery, it's incredibly effective.

Basically, if it's structured, you can reshape it.

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